I have a USB (hardware+software) type of product prototype ready, but now am struggling to come up with ways to get funding, patent, partners etc.
Are you an inventor?
Yes.
Have you ever got a patent for a product you created?
Yes
How do I get one on a budget?
Buy a do it Yourself Patent CD and follow the instructions. Or spend about $9000 for an attorney to do. You will want a utility patent since the design patents are useless. Some people will introduce a product with the words "PATENT PENDING" on it in hopes of deterring a knock off. This may work for a short term while you secure funding, patent filings etc.
How do I get funding from investors?
Depends on how much you need. Generally you'll need to demonstrate sales, manufacturing and supply chain for larger amounts. Make sure you get a signed Non Compete; Non Disclosure (NCND) agreement before you talk to anyone. Note: If that person does business outside the US, Your NCND with him will likely be worthless. I've been knocked off before I could even get around to some of my ideas. My wife saw one of my products in a magazine just 8 months after I presented to a Taiwan manufacturer's rep. I still have the worthless NCND.
What's the best way to attract a partner to the business?
You don't want a partner. Start small at (non-competetior) trade shows and look for contract partners that will work for commissions.
Is it advisable to create a website to market the product before it is actually ready?
Not a bad idea. However you can easily research the number of times people search for the kind of item that you are contemplating through the somewhat free service know as WORD TRACKER. This might give you an indication of whether or not to proceed with that.
Are you a hardware engineer?
No. I am a hardhead engineer.
How do I go about contracting for the creation of the final hardware design?
Just get bids from reputable US firms that will respect the NCND agreement.
Good Luck!