It reminded me that there was a big deal over the polio vaccine back when I was a JW kid - many local JWs bought into a rumor that it was somehow made from blood.
Funny stuff, JWoods.
There are actually two poliomyelitis vaccines.
IPV. In 1952, Jonas Salk developed a vaccine around an inactivated (Dead) version of the virus. (The viral RNA has been destroyed and all that's left is the protein shell.) This was administered as an injection
OPV. In the early 60's a more effective vaccine was developed around a live attenuated version of the virus. (The virus has been severely weakened through mutatation.) Albert Sabin generally gets the credit for this because the viral strains he developed are the ones that were actually used. This was administered orally.
The Sabin vaccine is more effective because a live virus provokes a much stronger immune response, but it's also more dangerous in theory because there is a very slim chance that the vaccine itself will actually infect someone with a weak immune system.
The Salk vaccine was administered in a vehicle of human albumin (0.5% by volume) and also contained ~1 ppm of Bovine serum from the manufacturing process.