Kill or Cure: Blood(History of Study)

by sf 4 Replies latest watchtower medical

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  sf

  < http://health.discovery.com/convergence/killorcure/blood/blood.html

  A portion:

  A Brief History of the Study of Blood
  By Daniel Hoh

  130-201 A.D. Galen describes the four humors—blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.
  1628: William Harvey discovers circulation of blood.
  1667: Jean-Baptiste Denis and Richard Lower separately report successful transfusions from animals to humans. Outlawed ten years later because of fatal reactions.
  1829: James Blundell performs the first successful human-to-human transfusion.
  1901: Karl Landsteiner and colleagues discover the A, B, AB, and O blood groups. Landsteiner awarded Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1930.
  1914: Anticoagulants, such as sodium citrate, are developed for blood preservation. In 1915 Richard Lewisohn uses sodium citrate and refrigeration for indirect transfusion. Oswald Robertson creates blood depots in Britain during WWI.
  1940: Dr. Charles Drew discovers that plasma separated from blood cell components can be given universally.
  1949: Dr. Carl Walter introduces plastic bags, which are more durable and safer than glass bottles, for blood collection.
  1968: Rh immunoglobin introduced to prevent Rh disease.
  1971: First hepatitis B screening test introduced. In 1985, the first HIV screening test is introduced.
  2000: Watchtower Society approves Hemopure for Jehovah's Witnesses.
  130-201 A.D. Galen describes the four humors—blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.
  Although the Greek physician Hippocrates (460-370 BC) is traditionally regarded as the "father of medicine," Greek physician, writer and philosopher Galen (130-201 AD) is certainly one of the most influential physicians of all time. Galen inherited Hippocrates' ideas on the harmonious relationship between the body systems and the belief that disease resulted from imbalances among them. Upon that foundation, Galen developed his most famous theory concerning the balance among the four bodily fluids or the four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.

  Blood was associated with a vibrant or "sanguine" personality. Such a person was joyful, engaged in the arts, and enjoyed all aspects of life.
  Phlegm was associated with a sluggish and dull personality.
  Yellow bile was linked to anger and a quick temperament. Such a person was described as "choleric," which means yellow.
  Black bile represented a depressed and sad disposition. Over the years, the term "melancholy" has come to be used to describe such individuals, from "melan," meaning black in Greek.
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  On the menu to the left is the TRANSPLANT page.

  sKally
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  sf

  Bottom portion of page:

  2000: Watchtower Society approves Hemopure for Jehovah's Witnesses.
  The governing body for the Jehovah's Witness religion, know as the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, has rejected the use of blood and blood components for transfusion even when necessary to save a life. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that to accept blood from another person is to adulterate the body and soul, Those who accept blood transfusions face possible expulsion and enforced shunning by church members.

  On June 15, 2000, the governing body of the religion announced that members may now accept certain blood components, but not whole blood. This change followed increasing pressure from within the church and the public to alter their long-held beliefs. One example of a blood product now acceptable to Jehovah's Witnesses is Hemopure, a highly purified oxygen-carrying hemoglobin solution manufactured from bovine blood. Back to top
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  Scorpion

  The WATCHTOWER, HYPOCRITE!
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  hawkaw

  And for those who need to know ....

  In 2001, the Watchtower agreed to allow a JW to donate his/her own blood as long as it was "fractionated" into acceptable blood products that would be tranfused back into his/her own body - conscience permitting of course just like vaccines and organ transplants.

  If you don't believe me, write the Watchtower.

  hawk

  p.s. - so much for that "pouring the blood crap"!!!!

  pps -

  In June 15, 2000, the governing body of the religion announced that members may now accept certain blood components, but not whole blood.

  I think you meant to say that in 2000, the WTS went from allowing certain blood fractions to allowing ALL (what the WTS deems) fractions but still not allowing whole blood, red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets. Thus, and oddly the WTS can allow 100% human blood as long as a Witness accepts all fractions as separate transfusions at the same time (of course this in not humanly possible yet and little children still needlessly die).
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  Flip

  The time-line previously provided puts a decidedly positive spin on the discovery of blood circulation and development of blood transfusion. However, what is missing, just as with many modern scientific interests, there may have been frequent reports of experiments gone awry. The early results of that radical medical handy work may not have looked at all promising to the non-professional as a method of prolonging ones life simply because of the poor survival track record and ghoulish procedure.

  It’s entirely possible during those early years the WTBTS writers of influence, while watching the medical community for publication fodder stumbled upon a new marketing idea. Based on their short-sighted observations, they came away confident enough to announce that their unique interpretation of obscure scripture provided a viable explanation as to why the manipulation of blood for medicinal purposes was dangerous and beyond the scope of human usefulness.

  In the short term, many Jehovah’s Witnesses who had earlier been convinced that the year 1914 was of immense significance, there’s little doubt that given the evidence of the day, the WTBTS writers would have once again appeared at the very least, astute.

  In the long run though, the corporations handling of damage control necessitated in light of their own obsolete verbiage appears to be where the real strength lies.

  Flip