PREPARING FOR
CHILD CUSTODY CASES
WATCHTOWER
BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF NEW YORK, INC .
CABLE WATCHTOWER
LEGAL DEPARTMENT
PHONE 17161 675]600
25 COLOMBIA. HEIGHTS BROOKLYN, NEW YORK 11201 USA.
_•_
Dear
Re : Child Custody Materials
We have received your request for the packet of court decisions
and other materials on child custody . It is always saddening
to learn of problems involving child custody, but we are delighted
to see that you are continuing to seek Jehovah's guidance
and protection in all matters and taking advantage of this situation
to bring further praise to him . (Luke 18 :1-8) We urge you
to present this information to your attorney as soon as possible .
If allegations are made that your religious beliefs and practices
are harmful to your children, the enclosed information may prove
helpful .
We particularly draw your attention to the booklet entitled
PreparingForChildCustody Cases . The questions and other information
in this booklet should help you and your attorney understand
the nature of the attack that may be made against a parent
who is one of Jehovah's Witnesses . in addition, the material in
this booklet should help you and your attorney prepare for not
only court hearings but also psychological assessments or evaluations
that often are required as part of a custody determination .
It is our experience that the results of such psychological examinations
can be decisive in the court's award of custody . Thus it
is good to appreciate the purpose and importance of the psychological
examination and to present your beliefs as one of Jehovah's
Witnesses in a way that will benefit yourself and your children .
-Isaiah 48 :17 .
It may be advantageous to ask your attorney to present to the
court certain publications of the Society which may be used to
demonstrate that your religious beliefs are far from harmful but
rather are highly beneficial to your children . Depending on the
ages of your children, you should consider showing one or more of
the following publications to your attorney : My Book of Bible
Stories ; Listening to the Great Teacher ; School and Jehovah's
Witnesses (brochure) ; Your Youth-Getting the Best Out of It ;
Re : Child Custody Materials
Page 2
Making Your Family Life Happy .
Also, for adolescents, articles
from the "Young People Ask . .
series in the Awake! magazine
present helpful information on a wide variety of subjects . Check
the listing of "Young People Ask . . ." articles in the Watchtower
Publications Index 193 0-1985, pages 953-954 . The index of subsequent
bound volumes ofAanw abke ! checked to cover more recent
articles in the series .
You can explain to your attorney that these publications and
articles contain exc ellent Bible-based counsel and practical wisdom
which will help your children develop into healthy, happy,
productive individuals. Rather than containing matter that is
harmful, these publications and articles provide highly beneficial
information . Indeed, much of the information is nondoctrinal and
of universal appeal .
Along this line, i t may be helpful to show the court that a
parent who is one of Jehovah's Witnesses will have greater concern
for his children because of the Scriptural responsibilities imposed
upon parents . We have found it practical to present the
court with a copy of one or more of the Society's publications
mentioned above . Many judges are willing to review these publications
because of the contents and because of the excellent illustrations
which serve as effective teaching aids . You may also
want to point out to your attorney how many copies of these publications
have been printed as indicated in the opening pages of
the publications . Since many of them have been distributed in the
tens of millions of copies, the fact that there are only three
million Jehovah's Witnesses in the world attests to the widespread
appeal of these publications .
We also recommend that you give your attorney copies of Jehovah's
Witnesses--Unitedly Doing God's will Worldwide and Jehovah's
Witnesses in th , Twentieth Century . These two brochures will better
acquaint your attorney (and the court, if necessary) with the
practices, history, and beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses .
Your brothers and fellow servants,
OF NEW YORK. INC.
Enclosures
P.S. Thank you for your kind contribution .
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
THAT WITNESS PARENT COULD FACE 1
SAMPLE APPROACH BY WITNESS PARENT
TO CROSS-EXAMINATION 11
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT 14
SAMPLE DIRECT EXAMINA'T'ION AND SAMPLE
RESPONSES FOR LOCAL ELDER 26
SAMPLE RESUME OF BIBLE STORY BOOK 34
SAMPLE DIRECT EXAMINATION ANI) SAMPLE
RESPONSES FOR YOUNG WITNESSES 40
LIST OF SOURCE MATERIAL-Professional
Studies in Child Psychology 45
PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR
PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION 52
INTRODUCTION
This booklet is designed to help you and your attorney
prepare for the difficulties Christian parents often
face in child custody disputes . In the eyes of the law, the
overriding concern in every custody suit is the welfare
and best interests of the child . In deciding which parent
will better provide for a child's best interests, courts will
examine all aspects of the child's physical, emotional,
and spiritual welfare in either household . Thus your religious
practices and teachings as one of Jehovah's Witnesses
will probably be a subject of inquiry by your former
spouse and the court .
Opposers often focus attention on refusal to consent
to blood transfusions, holidays and birthday celebrations,
arguing that Witness children are deprived of a "normal"
upbringing . There is no need to hide or distort your religious
beliefs and practices in the face of such criticism .
When giving an answer, always try to focus on the positive
aspects of your religious beliefs, showing how they
have benefited you and your family . (Isa . 48 :17) Be sure
to answer questions regarding such subjects in a way
that is both understandable and reasonable, accurately
presenting the wholesomeness of the Christian home .
-1 Pet . 3:15 .
This booklet will also help you prepare for psychological
examinations that frequently are required as part
of a child custody determination . Having some idea of
the type of questions a psychologist may ask should help
you handle the examination naturally and without undue
anxiety.
Disputes over child custody can be an ordeal for
Christian parents . But with preparation and reliance on
Jehovah, you need not be without hope, knowing that in
the end Jehovah will set all matters straight .-Ps. 43 :1 ;
1 Pet . 3 :12.
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION
QUESTIONS THAT WITNESS
PARENT COULD FACE
1
CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS THAT WITNESS PARENT COULD FACE
Holidays:
When answering questions about holidays, we want
to remember that many people view our religion as a litany
of negative responses . Therefore, whenever possible,
add some positive statement which emphasizes the benefit
to ourselves and our children when we refrain from a
celebration or holiday . For example, rather than simply
saying, "No, I don't celebrate Christmas," you may respond
in the affirmative, "After a careful investigation of
the Scriptures and the historical background of Christmas,
my family and I concluded that the celebration of
Christmas was not necessary to have God's approval. We
have decided not to limit our gift-giving and family
gatherings to specific predetermined dates, but would
rather enjoy these activities year round ."
On the subject of holidays you may face questions
such as the following :
•
Do Jehovah's Witnesses celebrate Christmas?
Thanksgiving? Easter? Birthdays? Halloween?
Mother's Day? F'ather's Day? Valentine's Day? New
Year's Day? St . Patrick's Day? Why?
•
Are not your children deprived of the Christmas
spirit?
•
Most of the children in your child's class celebrate
Christmas . . . . etc.?
•
Is it difficult for children to feel different than their
classmates and school friends?
•
So is it difficult for children to be Jehovah's
Witnesses?
•
In fact, is it difficult for you at times to feel
different and to be one of Jehovah's Witnesses?
Religion :
Many try to portray the beliefs and practices of Jehovah's
Witnesses as dogmatic and restrictive . When
answering questions about your religious beliefs and
practices, emphasize the fact that you have formed your
beliefs and adopted your practices after much study and
reflection ; your religion is not simply a matter of rules
2
CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS THAT WITNESS PARENT COULD FACE
which have been imposed by the elders . You want to emphasize
the fact that you are a thinking, well-balanced,
and reasonable individual who is competent to act as a
parent. Avoid any response which gives the impression
that you are unwilling or unable to provide for your
child's best interests because of your religious beliefs .
On the subject of religion you may face questions
such as the following :
•
Do you believe you have the only right religion?
•
Do you believe the Catholic (or other) Church is
true or false?
•
Do you believe all false religion is under the control
of Satan?
•
Is the Catholic (or other) Church under the control
of Satan?
•
Are Catholics (or whoever) under the control of
Satan?
•
How do you feel about your ex-wife/husband who is
not one of Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
Is he/she under the control of Satan?
•
What do you teach your child about your
ex-wife/husband?
•
Will God destroy all false religion?
•
As one of Jehovah's Witnesses, do you believe that
only Jehovah's Witnesses will be saved?
•
Will all Catholics (or whoever) be destroyed?
•
Will you teach your child that his father's/mother's
religious beliefs are wrong?
•
Will you teach your child that his father/mother
will be destroyed by God if he/she does not become
one of Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
Will you teach your child that there is a risk that
his father/mother will be destroyed by God?
•
Is it true that there are great differences between
3
CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS THAT WITNESS PARENT COULD FACE
beliefs of Catholics (or whoever) and Jehovah's
Witnesses?
•
In fact, you left the Catholic (or other) Church to
become one of Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
Can you be one of Jehovah's Witnesses and a
Catholic (or whatever) at the same time?
• If you cannot be one of Jehovah's Witnesses and a
Catholic (or whatever) at the same time, how can
you expect your child to be?
•
Will you teach your child that both your church and
the Catholic (or other) Church are right?
•
Won't your child be confused by being taught two
religions?
•
If your son was participating in a play or another
special event at the Catholic (or other) Church,
would you attend?
•
Do you respect all religions?
•
If a member of your family was being baptized,
married, or a family funeral service was being given
in the Catholic (or other) Church, would you
attend?
•
How is this showing respect for the Catholic (or
other) Church or your family?
•
If you respect all religions, why do you go from
house-to-house trying to convert people?
• How would you feel if your child decided he did riot
want to be one of Jehovah's Witnesses and chose to
belong to another church?
•
Would you still love your child?
•
Do you teach your child only about the religion of
Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
Do you believe that your child should learn about
other religions?
•
If your child, out of curiosity, decided he wanted to
attend the services of another church, would you
allow him to? Would you accompany him?
4
CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS THAT WITNESS PARENT COULD FACE
Blood:
Some confuse our stand on the use of blood and
blood products with the position of religions that believe
in faith healing and refuse all medical treatment . You
want to show that you are a loving, caring parent who
wants the best medical care possible for your child . Explain
that you are aware of many serious and possibly fatal
dangers from blood and that you have made arrangements
with your doctor to provide alternative non-blood
management for your child . Acknowledge that your former
mate properly has a right to participate and have a
say in any medical decisions involving your child . Stress
the fact that you want the best available medical treatment
for yourself and your child and that avoidance of
blood, in your opinion and the opinion of many in the
medical community, is a sound, healthful course .
•
Do you believe that every word of the Bible is
literally true?
•
Do you teach that it is better to die than to take a
blood transfusion?
•
You claim that there are alternatives ; what is the
alternative where someone loses blood in a car
accident?
•
How do you know there are alternatives?
•
Is it true that only a minority of doctors are willing
to try alternative, bloodless treatment?
•
Do most doctors recommend blood transfusions?
•
Isn't it true that it may not be possible to find a
doctor who will use bloodless alternatives? What if
the only available doctor said there were no
alternatives? Would you prefer to die?
•
Would you ever consent to your child being given a
blood transfusion?
•
What if the doctors said your child would die
without a blood transfusion?
• If the doctors told you that your child needed a
blood transfusion, would you advise and consult
your ex-wife/husband?
5
CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS THAT WITNESS PARENT COULD FACE
• How would you feel if your ex-wife/husband
consented to your child being given a blood
transfusion?
•
Would you suffer any religious penalty if you or
your child were given a blood transfusion?
•
Would you be subject to alienation or disapproval
froni chinch members if you or your child were
given a blood transfusion?
•
Would you still love your child, even if lie/she was
given a blood transfusion?
Governments:
The stand which Jehovah's Witnesses take regarding
governments is often misunderstood . When responding
to questions regarding your view of government, accentuate
the positive- you pay all your taxes, you are honest
and law abiding, you do not involve yourself in civil
disobedience, and you believe that the superior authorities,
including court officials, should be obeyed and are
worthy of our honor and respect .
•
Do you believe the governments of this world are
controlled by Satan?
•
Are the judge and this court controlled by Satan?
•
Do you believe God will destroy the governments of
this world?
•
Do you vote?
•
Do you stand up for the National Anthem/salute the
flag?
•
If your country is at war, would you fight in the
military?
•
1)o you believe that you will be persecuted for your
beliefs?
•
What kind of persecution do you expect and from
whorl?
•
Do you teach your child that he will be persecuted
for his beliefs? Is that healthy for your child?
6
CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS THAT WITNESS PARENT COULD FACE
•
Is your child frightened by the prospect of
persecution?
Satan:
Many do not consider Satan to be a real person and
will find your belief in Satan to be childish or fanatical .
When giving an answer, distinguish the Bible's view of
Satan from the cartoon character with a pitchfork, as
many people view Satan . If people believe in God and
His angels, why is it childish to believe that some angels
chose to disobey God?
•
Is Satan the ruler of the world?
•
Does Satan control everyone who is not one of
Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
Is Satan powerful?
•
Are you afraid of Satan?
•
Do you teach your child about Satan? Is your child
afraid of Satan?
Armageddon:
Armageddon marks a time of destruction of the
wicked, as well as the beginning of Jehovah's righteous
new system. Emphasize the positive aspects of the event .
It is not like the frightening hellfire doctrine, which
keeps the wicked in torment forever .
• Do you believe that we are living in the time of the
end? Do you believe that many people and much of
the world will be destroyed at Armageddon?
•
Will that be a frightening time?
•
Do you teach your child about Armageddon?
•
Is your child not scared, "upset at the prospect of his
mother/father, school friends, neighbors and
himself/herself being destroyed at Armageddon?
Practices of Jehovah's Witnesses :
•
How many meetings do Jehovah's Witnesses have a
week?
7
CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS THAT WITNESS PARENT COULD FACE
•
Do you attend all of these meetings?
•
If you did not attend all of these meetings or go out
preaching, would you be subject to congregational
disapproval or discipline by your elders?
•
Do you bring your child to all of these meetings?
•
Is it not correct that if your child attends your
mid-week meeting he would not be in bed before
9 :45 or 10 :00 p.m.? Is that not a very late night for
a small child?
•
Isn't it, difficult for a small child to sit through these
long meetings? Wouldn't your child rather be
playing than attending these church meetings?
•
Would you teach your child to be one of Jehovah's
Witnesses?
•
Do you hope your child will become one of
Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
Will you bring your child to all of your meetings?
•
Will you bring your child out in your preaching
work? Every weekend? For how long?
•
If your child did not want to go to your church
meetings, would you force him to go?
•
If your child did not want to go out preaching,
would you force him to go?
• Is it not difficult for you to go preaching at times?
Do you meet some people who do not want to hear
your message, who reject you and are rude to you?
•
If your child went preaching he at times would
encounter people who disagree with him, reject him
and are rude to him?
•
Wouldn't that be difficult for your child? Would he
find that hard to endure?
•
Is it not harmful for children to feel rejected?
•
If you care about your child, why would you
deliberately place him in a situation where he is
bound to suffer embarrassment and rejection?
8
CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS THAT WITNESS PARENT COULD FACE
School: (May be faced with quotes from
"School" Brochure)
Many feel that Jehovah's Witnesses are against education.
On the contrary, the children of Jehovah's Witnesses
are encouraged to make the most of their education
and to become proficient in reading, writing, and
analytical abilities . In fact, Jehovah's Witnesses often excel
in school . You may use the Index to investigate the
wide range of topics on which the Society encourages
discussion and research . The Society's publications encourage
our youths to be diligent and serious-minded in
their studies.
•
This booklet "School and Jehovah's Witnesses" sets
out your church's beliefs in the school setting? Your
church recommends that parents and children in
your faith are to follow the rules set out in this
booklet and that teachers should abide by them?
•
Isn't it true that you won't permit your child to
associate with or make close friends of people who
are not Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
Isn't it true that you won't permit your child to go
to school dances? to date?
•
Isn't it true that you would not allow your children
to participate in extracurricular activities? school
plays? school bands?
•
Isn't it true that you would not permit your child to
be a class representative or be on the school
council?
•
Isn't it true that you would not permit your child to
participate in school elections?
•
Isn't it true that you would not allow your child to
join any school clubs?
•
Isn't it true that you would not allow your child to
join any school teams?
•
Isn't it true you would not permit your child to
engage in any school activities associated with
national or religious holidays?
•
You do not permit your child to stand up for the
National Anthem in school?
9
CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS THAT WITNESS PARENT COULD FACE
•
Your children will be very different from the
majority of children in school and will be deprived
of many enjoyable, healthy activities that other
students enjoy?
•
At times your child may be mocked or alienated at
school because of these beliefs?
•
It's not easy for a child to be one of Jehovah's
Witnesses at school?
•
If you love your child why would you want to
deprive him,'her of so many activities that he/she
would enjoy?
•
Isn't it true that you would not permit your child to
attend a college or university?
•
Isn't it true that if your child attended a college or
university he/she would face disapproval in
congregation and be subject to counseling by your
ministers?
•
Would you support your child if he/she decided to
go to a college or university?
•
Isn't it true that you want and are going to teach
your child to be a full-time minister?
•
That. is the only career that you intend for your
child?
Corporal punishment:
•
As one of Jehovah's Witnesses you believe in
corporal punishment?
•
You believe the Bible directs parents to discipline
their children with a rod or stick?
•
You would not he a good Christian/ good parent if
you failed to heed that Biblical command?
Practice sessions :
•
Did you talk to your lawyer about this court
proceeding?
•
Did your lawyer tell you what to say?
10
SAMPLE APPROACH BY
WITNESS PARENT
TO CROSS-EXAMINATION
11
SAMPLE APPROACH BY WITNESS PARENT TO CROSS-EXAMINATION
Do you believe you have the only right religion?
Of course I do . If I didn't think so I would join
another.
Do you believe the Catholic (or other) Church is true or
false?
I believe its teachings are in error .
Will all Catholics (or others) he destroyed?
Jehovah makes those judgments, not we .
Do Jehovah's Witnesses celebrate Christmas?
The celebration of the winter solstice on
December 25 goes back to the ancient Roman
practices of the Saturnalia . It is part of pagan sun
worship. We do not celebrate pagan festivals . The
Bible directs that we celebrate Jesus' death, not
birth.
Are not your children deprived of the Christmas spirit?
Jehovah's Witnesses encourage love, familial
association and charity throughout the year .
Gift-giving and family association are not restricted
to one day or time of year .
Do you respect other religions? If so, why do you go
from house to house trying to convert people?
The Bible has good news for people of all religions
and backgrounds--the good news that God will
soon bring peace to earth through his Kingdom .
We want to share this with our neighbors .
12
SAMPLE APPROACH BY WITNESS PARENT TO CROSS-EXAMINATION
Do you teach that it is better to die than take a blood
transfusion?
I do not want myself or my children to die. I want
the best medical treatment I can get for my child .
Blood transfusions carry many death-dealing side
effects such as AIDS. We prefer to accept safer
medical alternatives .
How do you know there are alternatives?
Our church regularly reproduces medical
information that points out alternatives . Besides, I
have discussed this with my doctor who is willing
to use the alternatives.
What if a doctor said there are no alternatives?
That is only one opinion . Jehovah's Witnesses know
from experience that there are many different
medical opinions . Also we know of many cases
where the same thing was said but the patient still
recovered without blood transfusion . Jehovah's
Witnesses are being treated successfully without
blood by doctors and hospitals throughout North
America.
13
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION
QUESTIONS FOR
NON-WITNESS PARENT
14
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT
Work:
•
Where do you work?
•
How far is your work place from your home?
•
What time do you leave for work?
•
What are your hours of work?
•
What times would the child require day-care
assistance of a neighbor? friend? relative?
•
Is your spouse home at those same times?
•
Is a neighbor/friend/relative to be preferred over the
child's mother/father for day-care?
Jehovah's Witnesses' role as parents
and spouse . . .
A) Parent:
•
Does your spouse prepare meals for the family?
•
Does your spouse do family laundry?
•
Does your spouse care well for the home? (i .e.,
provide a neat home, do maintenance, etc .)
•
Does your spouse care well for the children?
•
Does your spouse wake the children in the
morning?
•
Does your spouse dress the children in the morning?
•
Does your spouse prepare breakfast for the
children?
• Does your spouse prepare lunch for the children?
• Does your spouse prepare supper for the children?
•
Does your spouse take the children to school?
•
Does your spouse take care of the children when
they are sick?
•
Is your spouse at home when the children return
from school?
15
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT
•
Does your spouse put the children to bed?
•
Does your spouse take an interest in the children's
education?
•
Does your spouse spend time helping the children
with their education/homework in school?
•
Does your spouse visit the schoolteachers?
•
Does your spouse attend the school on
parent/teacher night?
•
Do you attend the school on parent/teacher nights?
•
When was the last time you attended the school on
parent/teacher night?
•
Does your spouse engage in recreation with your
children? Which? When?
•
Do your children love your spouse?
•
Does your spouse love your children?
• Wouldn't you agree that your children need both
their mother and their father?
•
Is your spouse a good parent?
•
Would you describe your spouse as a good
man, woman?
•
Describe your spouse's good qualities .
if non-Witness alleges Witness spouse has
made church more important than family:
• How has your spouse put his/her church ahead of
family? Give examples.
•
What you really mean is she will not let you dictate
what church she goes to?
B) Spouse:
•
How did spouse's conversion to Jehovah's Witnesses
harm his/her sexual relationship with you?
•
Did your spouse refuse the marital due?
16
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT
•
Have you been very upset since your spouse has
become one of Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
Might your angry attitude have an adverse
emotional effect on your spouse?
•
Is it surprising your spouse would find it difficult in
view of your attitude of intolerance and animosity?
•
Is your spouse hospitable?
•
Does your spouse entertain your friends and family?
•
Isn't it true that your spouse is friendly and has
good relationships with your family members?
•
Did your spouse suggest family counseling?
•
Wasn't he/she willing to attend family counseling?
•
Why did you reject family counseling?
• Is it not correct that your children become upset
when they observe angry interchanges between
their parents?
•
Is it not true that your children are disturbed and
upset by your separation from your spouse?
Corporal punishment:
•
Do you discipline your children?
•
Do you ever spank your children?
Holidays:
•
How has your spouse actively discouraged children
from sharing in Christmas, etc ., with yourself?
•
Has your spouse prevented you from having your
friends into the home?
•
Has your spouse ever invited people into the home
over the Christmas period?
•
Has your spouse ever asked you to make a meal
during this period?
17
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT
•
Does your spouse give gifts to children at
Christmas?
•
Do they accept gifts?
•
Does your spouse prevent you from sharing in such
celebrations with the children?
Blood:
•
What do you know about blood transfusions?
•
Have you ever read any medical information about
blood transfusions?
•
Do you know if there are any adverse side effects?
•
Have you heard of AIDS and hepatitis being
contracted through blood transfusions?
•
Have you inquired if there are alternatives?
•
Can you point to any medical information that
shows more people recover with blood transfusions
than any alternative treatment?
•
Hove you talked to any doctors who operate without
blood transfusions?
•
Have you discussed the issue of blood transfusions
with your spouse?
•
Did your spouse say that he/she would let the
children (lie without any medical treatment? What
were your spouse's exact words?
•
Does your spouse bring your children to your family
doctor on a regular basis?
•
Do any of your children have health/medical
problems at present?
•
Do your children at present suffer from any
conditions requiring blood transfusions?
•
Have your children ever needed a blood transfusion?
•
Has your spouse ever denied your children any
medical treatment when they were sick?
18
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT
Non-Witness spouse's religious activities
•
In what religion were you raised?
•
Which religions have you been affiliated
with/attended during your life?
•
Do you practice any religion? Which religion?
Where?
•
When was the last church service attended?
•
How often have you attended services in last six
months? Year? Five years?
•
Has your spouse ever tried to prevent you from
going to your own church?
•
Does your spouse interfere with your taking the
children to a church of your choice?
•
Do you bring your children with you when you
attend church?
•
Does your family attend church on a regular basis
as a family unit? Which church? How often?
•
Which churches have you taken children to? When?
Where? When was the last time?
•
Describe your activities within your church .
•
Do your children attend Sunday School at your
church? When?
•
Over what period of time have they attended
Sunday School?
•
Do you believe in the Bible?
•
Is the Bible a Holy Book to your church?
•
Does your priest (minister) read from the Bible?
•
Do you read the Bible? Do you study the Bible?
How often?
•
Do you have any objection to your spouse
reading/studying the Bible? (If so, what and why?)
•
Do you have any objection to your children
reading/studying the Bible? (If so, what and why?)
19
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT
•
Do you pray with your children at home? When?
How often?
•
Do You pray with your children at mealtimes?
Bedtime?
•
Do you believe in Hell?
•
Does your church teach your children to believe in
Hell?
•
What form of birth control do you practice?
•
Is this a form of birth control that is
accepted/approved by your church?
Status of children:
•
What are the ages of your children?
•
What are the hobbies, interests, aptitudes, etc ., of
your children? (Note : Ask about the children
individually ; often a rigid parent will not know his
individual children well .)
•
Where do your children attend school?
•
What grades are they in?
•
Are your children doing well in school? What are
their marks? (Note : See if parent can describe how
each child is doing individually .)
•
What do the report cards show? (Note : Seek order
compelling discovery of the children's report cards .)
•
Do the teachers find their progress acceptable?
•
Have you seen the children during classes?
•
Do your children have friends?
•
Do your children have friends at school? Have you
inquired?
•
So you consider your children to be normal
children?
•
Are you proud of your children?
20
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT
Religious activities of Witness spouse :
•
Is your spouse free to choose a religion for
himself/herself?
•
Do you object to him/her going to church?
•
If your spouse were to attend services at a Jewish
Synagogue or Mormon Tabernacle, would that be
objectionable to you? If not, why not? (Note :
Repeat above question for Christian Science Church,
Mennonite or Amish Church .)
•
Would you permit your children to attend these
services with your spouse?
•
Do you object to your spouse attending meetings at
the Kingdom Hall? Why?
•
Do you object to your spouse bringing your children
to the Kingdom Hall? Why?
•
When does your spouse attend church meetings?
•
What are the hours?
•
Please tell me what hours your spouse spends in
church work. (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, etc .)
•
Is this at the same time that the children are in
school?
•
How has your spouse forced the children into her
religion? Give examples .
If non-Witness spouse alleges that beliefs
of Jehovah's Witness spouse will
harm children :
•
What religious beliefs of your spouse will damage
children? (Provide list and examples .)
•
What religious practices of your spouse will damage
children? (Provide list and examples .)
•
What has been your spouse's "indoctrination of the
children"?
•
What examples can you point to?
•
Is reading the Bible indoctrination?
21
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT
•
How have your children been "disrupted,"
"confused," "emotionally disturbed," "upset," etc ., by
your spouse's religious beliefs/practices? (Give
examples.)
•
Where is this "confusion," "anxiety" reflected in your
children's school reports?
•
What do the teachers say?
•
Do the children have a problem with your spouse's
faith or do you?
•
Do the children love your spouse? Do they enjoy
being with your spouse?
•
Is this evidence of children who are "worried and
anxious"?
Non-Witness spouse's attitude to Witness
spouse:
•
Has your spouse ever tried to stop you from going to
your own church?
•
Does your spouse allow you to take the children to
the church of your choice?
•
Have you ever attended a meeting of Jehovah's
Witnesses to hear what is taught?
•
Have you ever read publications of Jehovah's
Witnesses? What have you read? (Note : If
affirmative answer given, ask name, page, and date
of publication .)
•
Have you talked to any ministers of Jehovah's
Witnesses to ask them questions?
•
Have you associated with Jehovah's Witnesses on a
social basis?
•
Do they have parties? Do they enjoy other
recreation? What inquiries have you made?
• Are "birthdays, Christmas, Halloween, and New
Year's" the only enjoyable activities there are in
your life?
•
Does your spouse, as one of Jehovah's Witnesses,
22
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT
teach your children honesty? To tell the truth?
Respect others' property?
•
How do you know Jehovah's Witnesses "do not
recognize the government of the United States"?
Why were you told this? (Note : Or any other
allegations raised by non-Witness spouse .)
•
What do they not recognize?
•
Do they pay taxes? Do they obey the laws?
•
Do they encourage honesty and good citizenship?
•
What has been your response when your spouse
talks to you about religion?
Note: Fit the following questions to the facts
of individual case:
•
Have you not admitted to being frustrated?
•
Did you not on one occasion rip up a book?
•
Is it surprising that a wife/husband would not want
to talk to her/his husband/wife about such matters
when reaction is always one of anger? (Note : If
non-Witness spouse has used words such as
"fanatic," "proselytizing," "religious intransigence,"
"obsessed," "indoctrination," ask him/her to define
these words as he/she understands them . These may
be his/her lawyer's words and not his own .)
•
Do you respect the government of the United
States?
•
Do you respect the Constitution of the United
States?
•
Do you respect the constitutional provision that
guarantees your spouse's freedom of worship?
•
Are you so intolerant that the minute your spouse
wants to practice the religion of his/her choice, you
want to break up the family?
•
Is that how you demonstrate your respect for the
Constitution of the United States? The Bill of
Rights? The government of the United States?
23
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT
•
Is your spouse's religion the problem, or is it your
intolerant attitude?
If non-Witness spouse alleges Witness spouse
made an agreement as to the religion of the
children :
•
What is the agreement you are referring to?
• When did your spouse agree that he/she would not
involve your children in the teachings of Jehovah's
Witnesses (or raise them as Catholics, etc.)?
•
Where is the agreement?
•
When was it signed? (Note : Seek an order to compel
discovery of agreement .)
Child's freedom of choice :
•
Do you object to your child being exposed to
different viewpoints? Religious viewpoints?
•
Do you object to the school teaching children about
different nations/cultures and their religions?
•
Do you object to your children learning about the
religious viewpoints of their friends and their
friends' families?
•
Do you want to prevent your children from learning
about their other parent's views?
•
Does your spouse prevent the children from
knowing about your religious views?
•
Why do you want to stop the children from learning
about his/hers?
•
Should your children be allowed to choose which
religion they wish to follow?
•
Flow can a child be allowed to choose his/her own
religious persuasion unless he/she is exposed to
his/her parents' religious choices?
•
Do you love your children only so long as they are
in your religion?
24
SAMPLE CROSS-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR NON-WITNESS PARENT
• Will you still love your children if they become
Catholics, Jews, members of the United Church,
Mormons, or Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
What have you told your children about Jehovah's
Witnesses?
25
SAMPLE DIRECT EXAMINATION
AND SAMPLE RESPONSES
FOR LOCAL ELDER
26
DIRECT EXAMINATION AND SAMPLE RESPONSES FOR LOCAL ELDER
•
What is your name? What is your occupation?
Where do you live?
•
What sort of instruction does the church encourage
parents to provide their children?
(For example, you might wish to share some of
the following educational and
culturally-enriching subjects from the Society's
publications :
Arts and Crafts
"You, Too, Can Learn Calligraphy!" Awake!,
August 8, 1985, p. 25-27
"Oil Painting-Wholesome Relaxation," Awake!,
May 8, 1974, p . 21-23
"A Closer Look at Famous Works of Art,"
Awake!, January 8, 1982, p . 16-20
"Keeping Small Hands Busy," Awake!, May 8,
1985, p. 24-27
"Are We Losing the Art of Learning?" Awake!,
September 22, 1982, p . 22, 23
Hobbies and Recreation
"Choosing a Hobby Wisely," Awake!,
November 8, 1961, p . 13-16
"Beauty in the Rocks," Awake!, September 22,
1969, p. 20-22
"The Value of Toys," Awake!, January 8, 1971,
p. 9-12
"Stamp Collecting as a Hobby," Awake!, July 8,
1971, p. 20-23
"Is Home Sewing for You?" Awake!, August 22,
1973, p. 9-12
"Knitting as a Lifetime Hobby," Awake!, May 8,
1978, p. 23-26
"The Origin of Playing Cards," Awake!,
August 22, 1978, p . 9-12
27
DIRECT EXAMINATION AND SAMPLE RESPONSES FOR LOCAL ELDER
"Home Computers-Are They for You?"
Awake!, February 8, 1984, p. 12-15
"Cooking Spaghetti Giulia's Way," Awake!,
January 8, 1986, p. 25-27
"Cheese-Are You a Connoisseur?" Awake!,
August 8, 1986, p . 25-27
"Will the Abacus Survive Again?" Awake!,
December 8, 1986, p . 19
"Young People Ask . . . What About After-School
Activities?" Ibid., p. 16-18
"Exploring Earth's Last Great Frontier,"
Awake!, December 22, 1986, p . 16-19
Music and. Entertainment
"What Should Your Child Read?" Awake!,
March 22, 1978, p . 16-21
"Can Television Benefit Us?" Awake!, April 22,
1978, p. 4-6
"Control Your Television!" Ibid., p. 17-20
"What Do You Do for Entertainment?" Awake!,
January 22, 1979, p . 3, 4
"Don't Ignore the Need for Entertainment,"
Ibid., p. 5-8
"Playing Indoor Games," Ibid., p. 9-12
"Understanding and Enjoying Music," Awake!,
February 8, 1979, p . 20-24
"Music Lessons for Your Two-Year-Old?"
Awake!, February 22, 1980, p . 25-28
"A Sense of Humor-God's Gift," Awake!,
September 8, 1980, p . 25-28
"Begin Teaching Your Baby to Read," Awake!,
September 22, 1982, p . 23-27
"What Is Your Kind of Music?" The Watchtower,
January 15, 1983, p . 3, 4
28
DIRECT EXAMINATION AND SAMPLE RESPONSES FOR LOCAL ELDER
"Bridge That Gap With Conversation," Awake!,
June 8, 1983, p. 24, 25
"They Are Helping Children to Read," Awake!,
June 22, 1985, p . 23
"Reading--It Can Enrich Your Life," Awake!,
September 8, 1985, p . 3-8
"Young People Ask . . . How Can I Have a Good
Time?" Awake!, November 8, 1986, p . 10-12
Sports
"Winter Can Be Fun," Awake!, December 22,
1958, p. 8-11
"Flying a Kite Can Be Fun," Awake!, March 22,
1973, p. 24-26
"How Long Could You Survive in Deep Water?"
Awake!, June 22, 1973, p . 17-19
"Discovering the Wonderful World of Walking,"
Awake!, August 22, 1973, p . 24-27
"You Can Sail Safely," Awake!, September 8,
1980, p. 23-25
"My First Marathon," Awake!, December 22,
1980, p. 27, 28
"Lessons You Can Learn from Sports," Awake!,
July 22, 1981, p . 25-27
"Sports and the Fancily-A Balanced View,"
Awake!, May 22, 1982, p. 9-11
"Surfing-What's It All About?" Awake!, August
22, 1982, p . 12-16
"Young People Ask . . . Should I Go In for
Bodybuilding?" Awake!, December 22, 1986,
p. 13-15)
(Other general topics include Animals and Plant
Life, Economics and Employment, Health,
Human Relations, Lands and Peoples, Science,
World Affairs, and many more .)
29
DIRECT EXAMINATION AND SAMPLE RESPONSES FOR LOCAL ELDER
•
How does the church assist parents?
(For example, you might consider Bible Story
book and illustrate how the book is organized
and how it teaches principles such as honesty,
respect for authority, the value of obedience,
etc.)
•
is this publication used only by Jehovah's
Witnesses?
•
Is this the only type of publication the church
provides?
(You may -want to refer to and give brief resume
of Great Teacher and Youth books and "Young
People Ask" series and discuss in similar fashion
as Bible Story book resume.)
•
Flow important. do Jehovah's Witnesses consider
such parental instruction of children?
(Referring to scriptures such as 1 Timothy 5 :8,
Ephesians 6 :1-4, and Proverbs 1 :8, 9, you may
want to give Bible examples of parental
instruction which benefited offspring to
emphasize this fundamental Bible belief . Also
see "Rearing Happy Children in a Troubled
World," The Watchtower, January 15, 1982,
p. 12 . )
•
Can you describe what takes place at the meetings
of Jehovah's Witnesses?
(Many criticize the meeting schedule as one
which is overly demanding for a young child .
You may want to highlight that they are
religious, educational, promote a warm familial
spirit, and that young people make many social
contacts at these meetings .)
•
Why do Jehovah's Witnesses visit people in their
homes by calling from house to house?
30
DIRECT EXAMINATION AND SAMPLE RESPONSES FOR LOCAL ELDER
(Highlight that visits are made with interested
people to share good news of bright future for
all mankind . Also see Kingdom Ministry,
December 1977, "Are You Instructing Your
Family?" and Kingdom Ministry, February 1979,
"How Does God's Kingdom Affect Your
Family?")
•
Can you describe what takes place at such visits?
(There are various positive features to highlight .
For example, many people invite Jehovah's
Witnesses in and engage in upbuilding
conversations ; people who are not interested are
left on a friendly basis ; many visits are made on
people who are also social contacts and
conversation is not restricted to religious beliefs ;
many home visits are like dropping in to see
friends ; children who accompany parent learn to
be outgoing and take an active interest in people
from various backgrounds .)
•
What view does your church encourage children to
take toward a parent who is not one of Jehovah's
Witnesses?
(Ephesians 6 :1 is to be applied to one who is not
one of Jehovah's Witnesses, as well as to a
parent who is disfellowshipped . See w10/15/81,
p. 19 ; g10/22/75, p . 27, 28 ; g9/22/70, p . 27, 28 .)
•
What view does church take toward people of other
religions?
(Jesus taught love neighbor as self, includes all ;
we respect others' right to worship as they
choose.)
•
Does church teach that young people should learn
only about religion of Jehovah's Witnesses?
(No. Consider following objective consideration
of other religions in our publications :
31
DIRECT EXAMINATION AND SAMPLE RESPONSES FOR LOCAL ELDER
Young People Ask . . . Why Should I Accept
My Parents' Religion?,
Awake!, November 22, 1986, p . 13-15 ;
Young People Ask . . . Is the Bible Relevant
for Me?,
Awake!, May 22, 1986, p . 12-14 ;
A Non-Violent World-Did Ghandi Show the
Way?,
Awake!, April 8, 1984, p . 3-12 ;
What Is Religion Doing for Mankind?,
Awake!, January 8, 1984, p. 3-14 ;
The Latter-Day Saints in Today's World,
Awake!, December 22, 1982, p . 24-27 ;
Moon's Unification Church-What Does It
Believe?,
Awake!, September 8, 1982, p. 10-15;
The Church of England-An "Endangered
Species"?,
Awake!, July 8, 1981, p . 25-27;
Why So Many Religions in South Africa?,
Awake!, January 22, 1981, p . 12-1.5 ;
A Look at Hindu Views of Life and Death,
Awake!, February 8, 1977, p . 16-23 ;
Is Buddhism the Way to Enlightenment?,
Awake!, January 8, 1974, p. 16-19;
Test Your Religious Knowledge,
Awake!, April 22, 1961, p. 4-27 ;
32
DIRECT EXAMINATION AND SAMPLE RESPONSES FOR LOCAL ELDER
Examining Islamic Teachings,
Watchtower, November 1, 1953,
p. 653-656 .
•
Are there substantial differences between basic
principles of morality as taught by Jehovah's
Witnesses and the Catholic (or whichever) Church?
(Principles of Ten Commandments are common
to both groups .)
33
SAMPLE RESUME OF BIBLE STORY BOOK
34
RESUME OF BIBLE STORY BOOK
This book is designed for young children . (See blue
block on publisher's page of Bible Story book.) This book
would be the basis for any religious communication
between the parent and the child, up to about age seven
or eight.
The teachings are positive as will be shown by
analysis. No serious-minded parent could object,
regardless of particular religious association . The lessons
are objective .
The lessons in this book are NOT doctrinal . They are
lessons on loyalty, honesty, morality, human
relationships, and self-discipline .
If, for example, the mother is a serious Catholic,
there is no real conflict between what the father would
communicate to the child and what the mother would
teach.
Following is a list of chapters that might be referred
to and the lesson in each :
INTRODUCTION: The book is a lesson in
chronological Bible history .
CHAPTER 2:
"A Beautiful Garden"
Used to introduce very young child
to the animal kingdom and to
teach basic lessons in biology . Note
that, all the animals in the picture
are in pairs, and they have babies .
Allows introduction of such basic
subjects as reproduction.
CHAPTER 5:
"A Hard Life Begins"
Child can be introduced to the
value of respect and obedience to
authority, whether parental or
community, e .g. police and courts .
35
RESUME OF BIBLE STORY BOOK
CHAPTER 19:
"Jacob Has a Big Family"
Child is introduced to the concept
that producing a family is an
honor and a privilege . Emphasizes
unselfishness exhibited in
production of a large family .
Families contribute to growth of
community and nation.
CHAPTER 20:
"Dinah Gets Into Trouble"
Introduces child to the dangers of
associating with immoral and
dishonest persons . Teaches
morality at an early age without
specifics. Aversion to sexual abuse
of women and discrimination.
CHAPTER 37:
"A Tent for Worship"
This chapter shows that child is
taught respect for a house of
worship and all the equipment and
material used in the house of
worship. Child is taught respect for
altar and priests .
CHAPTER 44:
"Rahab Hides the Spies"
Child learns that we do not refuse
to help people or show kindness to
people even though we do not
approve of what they do. Rahab
was a prostitute.
CHAPTER 51:
"Ruth and Naomi"
No better lesson in family loyalty
and teaching child value of respect
for older persons and responsibility
to help senior citizens .
36
OF BIBLE STORY BOOK
CHAPTER 55:
"A Little Boy Serves God"
Very young children can learn
respect for religious service,
respect for God, and for legitimate
priesthood. (Use the picture .)
CHAPTER 63:
"Wise King Solomon"
(Use the picture .) What an
illustration of the value of judicial
wisdom and family love . Builds
respect for modern-day judiciary.
The mother would rather give up
the child than have him injured.
In terms that a very young child
can understand . Also shows that
wisdom is better than materialism .
CHAPTER 71 :
"God Promises a Paradise"
This is what the child is being
taught to look forward to . Is it
bad? Gives hope and optimistic
future in a world where many turn
to suicide .
CHAPTER 75:
"Four Boys in Babylon"
Teenagers do not have to give in
to pressure from their peers . The
old virtues and basics are worth
standing up for.
CHAPTER 77:
"They Would Not Bow Down"
(Sequel to chapter 75.) Children
learn that there is a time in life to
be firm for right principles .
CHAPTER 84:
"An Angel Visits Mary"
37
RESUME OF BIBLE STORY BOOK
CHAPTER 85:
"Jesus Born in a Stable"
Child is taught respect for the
circumstances of Jesus' birth . (Use
the picture .) Child learns the real
value of the birth and life of Jesus
without influence from
commercialism. Who can object?
CHAPTER 86:
"Men Guided by a Star"
Same points. (Use the picture.)
ChAPTER 94 :
"He Loves Little Children"
Jesus used children to teach
lessons of flexibility, humility, and
respect. Children can understand
this better than adults .
CHAPTER 95:
"The Way Jesus Teaches"
Who can object to a child learning
the story of the Good Samaritan?
It is universally respected. We
even have "Good Samaritan"
hospitals in some locations. Child
learns history and background of a
very common expression as well as
the lesson in human responsibility
that is taught . Learns racial
discrimination to be shunned .
CHAPTER 99:
"In an Upstairs Room"
Jesus introduced the Last Supper .
Respected by most religions,
including Catholicism. Why
shouldn't a child learn the history
of its origin?
CHAPTER 110:
"Timothy-Paul's New Helper"
The ministry is a respected and
honorable profession .
38
RESUME OF BIBLE STORY BOOK
CHAPTER 115:
"A New Paradise on Earth"
(Use the picture.) This is what the
child is taught to look forward to .
39
SAMPLE DIRECT EXAMINATION AND
SAMPLE RESPONSES
FOR YOUNG WITNESSES
40
DIRECT EXAMINATION & RESPONSES FOR YOUNG WITNESSES
•
What is your name?
•
How old are you?
•
Where do you live?
•
Are you one of Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
When did you become one of Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
•
Are they Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
How is your relationship with them?
•
Tell us something about your father and mother :
Are they Jehovah's Witnesses?
If not, what religion?
What are their occupations?
If Married:•
Is your husband/wife one of Jehovah's
Witnesses?
•
Are his/her parents Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
What are their occupations?
•
What is your relationship with them?
•
How is your relationship with your
parents?
•
I-low old were you when your mother/father became
one of Jehovah's Witnesses?
•
have you therefore been exposed to different
religious views?
•
Can you tell us how this has affected you?
(helped to understand other views ; be
tolerant; appreciate divergence of opinions ;
respect for other religions ; listen to other
people's comments ; in general to be a more
fulfilled and balanced person, etc .)
41
DIRECT EXAMINATION & RESPONSES FOR YOUNG WITNESSES
•
Did you find that this difference of religion was
confusing to you?
•
Did it cause you any problems?
•
flow has your association with Jehovah's Witnesses
affected your life?
•
Did it help you avoid any problems?
(Comment regarding positive ways association
with Jehovah's Witnesses has helped ; to have
a purpose in life ; to help other people ; to be
good Citizens ; good morals ; be selective as to
conduct, company, etc .)
•
What do you do for recreation?
•
What about social activities?
•
What about family activities?
•
How did you do in school?
•
Did you have any problems?
•
Did you get along with other students?
•
The fact that you are one of Jehovah's Witnesses, do
you feel that hindered your situation?
•
What are your plans for the future?
42
DIRECT EXAMINATION & RESPONSES FOR YOUNG WITNESSES
EVIDENCE OF YOUNG PEOPLE :
This can be used to show that they are normal .
Identify and interview young people from local
congregations who have been raised as Jehovah's
Witnesses and, in the eyes of the presiding overseer, are
spiritually minded but also enjoy the normal healthy
things that young people do . They don't have to be
competitive to enjoy sports . Be careful that they don't
get the impression that they are in a demonstration at
the circuit assembly, when they would show that the
first things in life are service and going to the Kingdom
Hall . Show hobbies, crafts, social activity, sports, and
especially plans for the future . Be careful they don't all
say that they are going to be pioneers . Plans can be
trade, getting married and having children, journalism,
and all kinds of other things . Maybe you can show an
interest in art and the theater . They must be clean,
moral, honest, but with the interests that you would
expect from other young people .
Ho 'c you been exposed to different religious views since
youth? How has this affected you
Learned to be tolerant and appreciate divergence
of opinions ; while personally choosing teachings of
Jehovah's Witnesses, have learned to respect
others' right of choice .
How has your association with Jehovah's Witnesses
affected your life?
Comment on positive value of truth ; have a
purpose in life ; take interest in other people ; good
morals; obey the law, etc .
Do your go from house-to-house? Describe your reaction .
;E dluceartin ohnaolw tvaolue of social contact
meet people, strike up a conversation and reason
on a variety of topics . At an early date learned
43
DIRECT EXAMINATION & RESPONSES FOR YOUNG WITNESSES
about the many different views people have .
Meeting people at doors overcame shyness and lack
of confidence . Ease of dealing with people is
valuable now in business as well as religious and
social activities .
Is it not depressing when you are rejected at a door?
No . We have something good to share with those
who want to listen . Each individual has the right
to his opinion . If rejected, we can leave and find
someone who does want to talk a few doors away .
Are not three religious meetings a week boring?
No. Meetings are interesting . Participate in
Theocratic Ministry School and learn how to talk
to people . Associate with other young people at
meetings . Make social and recreational
arrangements.
What do you do for recreation, social activities, family
activities?
Describe a balanced range of activity.
How (lid you do in school? Did you have any problems?
Did yon get along with other students? Did your
association with Jehovah's Witnesses hinder your
education?
Not at all ; kept me out of trouble with the drug
scene, immorality, illegitimate children, shoplifting,
etc . Helped me take a mature view of the need for
an education so I could do something useful and
interesting with my life.
44
LIST OF SOURCE MATERIAL
Professional Studies in
Child Psychology
45
PROFESSIONAL STUDIES IN CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
1 . Freud, Child Observations and Prediction of
Development, 13 Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 92,
97, 98 (1958) (emphasis added) :
It was Ernst Kris himself who drew our attention
to the hopelessness of such clinical .foresight in
what lie had described as the first phase of
psychoanalytic child psychology . While we knew
no store of the predestined sequences of
development than the libidinal phases and "some
crucial conflicts and typical danger situations
related to the maturational sequence" (p.27),
prediction, was not possible . There were too
many unknown factors which determined the
out conic of the child's reactions to his
experiences and their genetic, economic, and
dynamic interrelations.... There remain a
number of factors which make clinical foresight,
i .e., prediction, difficult and hazardous. 1 name
three of then here . (1) There is no guarantee
that the rate of maturational progress on the side
of ego development and drive development will
he an even one; and whenever one side of the
structure outdistances the other in growth, a
variety of unexpected and unpredictable
deviations from the norm will follow . (2) There is
still no way to approach the quantitative factor
in drive development, nor to foresee it ; but most
of the conflict . solutions within the personality
will, in the last resort, be determined by
quantitative rather than by qualitative factors .
(3) The environmental happenings in a child's
life will always remain unpredictable since they
are not governed by any known laws .
2 . Thomas & Chess, Genesis and Evolution of Behavioral
Disorders: Front Infancy to Early Adult Life, 141 Am. J.
Psychiatry 9 (1984) :
As we grow frown childhood to maturity, all
of us have to shed many childhood illusions . As
the field of developmental studies has matured,
46
PROFESSIONAL STUDIES IN CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
we now have to give up the illusion that once we
know the young child's psychological history,
subsequent personality and functioning is ipso
facto predictable .
3. .T. Ziskin, Coping with Psychiatric and Psychological
Testimony, 104, 105 (2d ed. Supp. 1977) (emphasis
added) :
The picture concerning reliability and validity of
psychiatric and psychological evaluations
remains grim, even in regard to clinical usages,
let alone the more rigorous requirements for use
in evidence. The current literature reflects
widespread agreement that reliability and
validity are unacceptably low .
4 . 11 . Schaffer, The Growth of Sociability 15-17
(emphasis added) :
Parents may be firmly convinced that the
particular experiences encountered by their baby
will mark him for good or ill for the rest of his
life, but when. we turn to scientific support for
this assertion there is as yet not a single study
available which firmly and without ambiguity
demonstrates that a specific experience
impinging at one particular point of time in
early human development will leave permanent
effects on that individual . Birth trauma, breast
or bottle feeding, type of toilet training,
swaddling practices-whatever their effects at
the thee, the lasting imprint of such events has
not been demonstrated. The aphorism that the
child is father to the man remains an article of
faith rather than a scientifically supported
conclusion .
What are the forces that come to shape infant
behaviour? Here we find one of the major issues
that has divided psychologists in the past into,
47
PROFESSIONAL STUDIES IN CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
on the one hand, those who see the child as
essentially an inert blob of clay that must be
moulded by forces impinging upon him from the
environment and, on the other hand, those who
consider the child preformed and look upon
development as largely an unfolding of inherent
tendencies. It is easy to assert that heredity and
environment must both play a part and there are
.few who would go against such a safe viewpoint .
Yet in practice, and particularly so in relation to
early development, we find the divergence of
opinion a real and often a heated one.
5. Chess, Developmental Theory Revisited, 26 Can. J.
Psychiatry 110, 1 .11 (1979) (emphasis added) :
The accumulation of research data in recent
years has by now made it clear that our
"inability to make empirical predictions about
later personality from the early years" is indeed
"evidence of a developmental reality ." These
data have come most dramatically from the
major longitudinal studies-the type of study
which is uniquely suited to examine the issue of
continuity over time. The same message has
conic from all (5-7, 12), rearming the findings
of our own longitudinal studies. Similar
conclusions have come _from the two major
comprehensive reviews of the recent literature
by Sameroff (9) and Clarke and Clarke (2).
Tyre data offer no firm support for the
popular belief that certain events during the first
year can produce irreversible consequences in
either human or infrahuman infants (5).
6. Ellsworth & Levy, Legislative Reform of Child
Custody Adjudication, 4 L . Soc'y Rev. 199 (1969) :
In general, studies show no clear advantage for
48
PROFESSIONAL STUDIES IN CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
trained judges ; psychologists are not consistently
better or worse than nonpsychologists (e.g .,
secretaries, college students, nurses), and clinical
training and experiences does not improve the
accuracy of global judgments . If anything,
clinical training and experience may he
somewhat detrimental and reduce judgmental
accuracy, or at least introduce systematic biases
such as greater emphasis on pathology and less
favorable prognoses . [Mischel, 1968 : 116 ; see
also Sarbin et al . 1940].
7. Dewing & Taft, Some Personality Characteristics of
the Parents of Creative Twelve-year-olds, 41 J .
Personality 81, 82 (1973) :
A second demographic variable found to he
related to creative ability was unusual religious
belief . In particular, a disproportionately large
number of highly creative children were
Jehovah's Witnesses . Four children from the total
sample of 394 were members of this sect, and all
four showed high creative ability . The girl who
gained the highest total score on the Torrance
tests, and the girl who was the only child, male
or female, to be included in the top 20 percent of
all five performance measures, were both
Jehovah's Witnesses .
8 . Sanua, Religion, Mental Health and Personality : A
Review of Empirical Studies, 125 Am. J. Psychiatry
1206 (1969) :
What may be said at this point is that a
substantial number of additional empirical
findings would be necessary before any valid
conclusions could be drawn as to the relationship
between religiousness and mental health .
49
PROFESSIONAL STUDIES IN CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
9. Frideres, Offspring of Jewish Intermarriage : A Note,
35 Jewish Soc. Stud. 156 (1973) :
The results concerning the remaining dependent
variables show that little difference is evident
between children of mixed and homogamous
marriages. The data relevant to this point does
not substantiate previous research which
suggested that children from mixed marriages
would be more psychologically "unstable" than
children from homogamous marriages.
10. Lynch, Mixed Marriages in the Aftermath of
"Matrimonia Mixta", 11 J. Ecumenical Stud . 653 (1974)
(emphasis added) :
Both parents should actively participate in the
religious upbringing of the children and not view
the responsibility as one of passive
"non-interference ." Pedagogically as well as
pastorally the combined religious influence of
both parents is most important .
1.1 . R. Mnookin, Child-Custody Adjudication : Judicial
Functions in the Face of Indeterminacy, Vol . 39, No. 3,
1975 :
While psychiatrists and psychoanalysts have at
times been enthusiastic in claiming for
themselves the largest possible role in custody
proceedings, many have conceded that their
theories provide no reliable guide for predictions
about what is likely to happen to a particular
child. Anna Freud, who has devoted her life to
the study of the child and who plainly believes
that theory call be a useful guide to treatment,
has warned : "In spite of . . . advances there
remain factors which make clinical foresight, i.e.,
prediction, difficult and hazardous," not the least
of which is that "environmental happenings in a
child's life will always remain unpredictable since
they are not governed by any known laws ."
50
PROFESSIONAL STUDIES IN CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
The difficulty of making accurate predictions is
shown clearly by a study undertaken by Joan
Macfarlane and her associates in Berkeley,
California . Using various tests and interviews, the
Berkeley group, during a thirty-year period,
studied a group of 166 infants born in 1929 .
Their objective was to observe the growth
--emotional, mental, and physical-of normal
people. As Arlene Skolnick observed, "Over the
years this study has generated several significant
research findings, but the most surprising of all
was the difficulty of predicting what
thirty-year-old adults would he like even after
the most sophisticated data had been gathered on
them as children ."
51
52
PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL
OR
PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
Today the courts rely more and more on the
evaluations and recommendations of psychologists and
psychiatrists in determining the best interest of a child .
The process of psychological or psychiatric evaluation
may be relevant to the issue of whether the religious
teachings and beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses have any
harmful effect on children . Therefore, there is a growing
likelihood that both spouses as well as the children will
receive some type of psychological evaluation, whether
at the insistence of the court or at the suggestion of an
attorney in preparing evidence to present the case . The
objective of this discussion is to help you understand and
prepare for a psychiatric or psychological evaluation .
In the past many have feared or distrusted mental
health care professionals . There is no basis or need for
such preconceived fear or distrust . Keep in mind that
the primary objective of the court proceeding and the
psychological or psychiatric examination is to determine
which parent is best suited to provide the child a secure
and safe home. Therefore, certain matters must be kept
clearly in mind :
1. Do not be unduly defensive or suspicious of
the health care professional's role in the
evaluation process . Many people who work in
psychology and psychiatry have an interest in people
and care about people . They give their subjects the
benefit of the doubt . You should assume that they
will try to put your best interests first if you
cooperate with them . Try not to respond in a
defensive or hostile manner. The mental health care
professional with whom you are working has a job to
do . Cooperate with him and he will try to cooperate
with you .
2 . Everyone has had problems or difficulties in
their past and no one comes from a perfect
background. When questioned about difficult areas
or problems in the past, be honest and frank . Try to
show how the truth has helped you to overcome
psychological scars or problems, but do not
exaggerate or paint the truth in an unrealistic light,
claiming that all your problems have gone away
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PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
since you have learned Bible principles . Show how
Bible principles are helping you to cope with your
problems and present them in an honest, objective
manner.
3. Do not use the psychiatric session as an
opportunity to present Bible literature and
witness about the Kingdom hope . The health care
professional selected to evaluate you and your family
has an objective in mind . If court appointed, he is
required to present his findings to the court and you
will want to make it . easy for him to do his job . The
psychologist is probably not interested in the Bible
principles that guide your life . Rather, lie is
interested in understanding how you are applying
Bible principles in your home in order to produce a
healthy and well-balanced environment in which to
raise the child . In some circumstances it may be
appropriate for you to share your hope about God's
Kingdom during an interview, but you should not
make it your objective to preach to the mental
health care professional who conducts the interview .
1 . Show' that you have a balanced view and that
the truth has helped you to maintain such a
view. Do not present yourself or the truth as rigid or
obsessive . Rather, show the evaluator that you are a
reasonable person by showing your flexibility and
responding in an open and nondefensive manner. For
example, questions about religious practices such as
not celebrating holidays will be a part of the
psychological examination . The mental health
professional will be interested in determining how
you, as a good parent, handle this practice with your
child . He will want to know whether or not you are
sensitive to the fact that your child may feel
unusual, left out, or alienated by what may be a
recent change in your religion .
You will want to take the initiative by showing
that you have a close and a loving bond with your
child, that you understand your child's honest
reactions to your religious practices, that you have
helped your child to develop a sense of security
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PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
about the practice of his religion, and that he is not
merely parroting the expressions that you have
provided for him . If your child is to be tested, you
should also try to prepare him or her to face the
experience with an open and positive attitude .
5 . If you do not understand a question, ask for
clarification . If you are asked a question you do not
understand or if you feel that the interviewer is
getting at something other than what is stated, you
should calmly ask the evaluator to restate or
rephrase the question so that you may provide an
accurate answer .
6. You may be asked questions about your
refusal to take blood or blood products . You may
be questioned about whether you would permit your
child to die because of your refusal to consent to a
blood transfusion . Rather than just explaining your
hope in your child's resurrection in God's new world
and deemphasizing the importance of your child's
life in this system, show a balanced view and state in
positive terms the medical steps that you would take
to assure the child had the best possible medical
treatment available . Be prepared to discuss with the
evaluator specific alternative medical treatments
which would be available to the child if some doctor
was of the opinion that blood was needed . You do
not want to give the impression that your religion
requires you to allow your child to die should a
medical emergency arise .
7. What is not said is often as important as
what is said . Remember to maintain good eye
contact with your evaluator . Sit up straight and try
to relax as you speak with the evaluator . Act as if
you were speaking to someone in whom you could
confide. Use a calm and measured tone of voice . Put
expression and feeling into your voice so that you
are able to communicate in an honest and natural
way. Do not feel intimidated by your evaluator but
try to put your evaluator at ease .
55
PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
8 . You are on display as one of Jehovah's
Witnesses . When appearing for the evaluation
remember to be punctual and to dress in an
appropriate manner, a manner befitting a minister of
Jehovah. Since the health care professional is trained
to do this type of evaluation, to the degree
reasonable allow him to ask the questions and do not
try to control or restructure the interview . Not every
question has a hidden meaning. You do not want to
present yourself as one who is paranoid or afraid to
communicate honestly .
In addition to a conversational, clinical evaluation,
you may be asked to take certain psychological tests
which are designed to help the evaluator understand
your personality and your ability to care for the best
interests of the child . There are a variety of tests which
may be used . Some tests focus on your intelligence and
thinking ability . The Wechsler Intelligence Test appears
to be a widely administered test . The Wechsler test is a
series of tests and may be used for adults as well as
children over the age of four . In addition to testing
intelligence, this series of tests may also be used to
measure the examinee's ability to formulate ideas and
overall intelligence .
Other types of tests are designed to categorize the
type of personality. A commonly used test is the
Rorschach Test. It uses ink blots . The examinee will be
shown a series of ink blots and will he asked to describe
what they look like, or what the examinee thinks they
might be . There are no right or wrong answers .
However, if you have a defensive or hostile attitude
about taking the exam, this attitude may influence the
findings. Your responses will be recorded and scores,
ratings, and interpretations will he derived therefrom .
This test is used for adults as well as children of school
age. Other tests involve use of pictures or diagrams,
word associations, sentence completion, or expressive
drawings .
Often more objective tests and scales are used . For
example, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory (MMPI) is widely used to test for certain
personality traits. It consists of about 550 statements and
56
PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
it calls on the examinee to answer "true," "false" or
"cannot say ." The topics include family relationships,
sexual and religious attitudes as well as fears and
problems within the family . The interpretation of the
examinee's MMPI score will take into consideration the
examinee's background, ethnic group, sex, age, and
education.
Keep in mind that the objective of a psychological or
psychiatric evaluation is to determine whether or not
you are the parent who will provide the better home for
your child. The mental health professional is interested
in determining whether or not you have the personality
and emotional stability to provide for the physical,
mental, and emotional needs of your child . You must be
prepared to show in a positive, honest and frank manner
that you will provide for your child's welfare and best
interests and that you are the parent more capable of
doing so . Do not be quick to attack your former spouse .
Rather, be prepared to show and present in an honest
way the loving and caring concern you have for your
child and the way in which you are able to express this
to the child . Show that you have already developed a
close, loving relationship with your child and that there
is nothing in your personality or religious practices that
would require the child not to be placed in your custody .
COPING WITH PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
To help you understand how the foregoing general
principles can be applied, the following examples of
questions and answers are provided to assist you in a
psychological or psychiatric evaluation . As indicated, a
person being evaluated should not be unduly defensive
or suspicious of the health care professional's role in the
evaluation process . You would want to answer any
questions openly, understanding that it is the role of the
mental health care professional to elicit information
from you . The following is an example of how NOT to
respond during the interview :
Q : Can you tell me about why you and your
ex-husband divorced?
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PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
A: Why do you want to know? I know he's
probably been spreading those lies about me . You're
probably going to take his side anyway .
Q : Well, no . But your husband mentioned that
your religious beliefs have been a source of
differences . Can you tell me a little bit about your
religious beliefs?
A : You know, you psychiatrists don't even
believe in the Bible. You're always negative against
someone who practices the Bible. Matthew said we'd
be persecuted by persons like you . Besides, you
psychiatrists are more mixed up than anyone . I hear
you get more divorces and commit suicide more than
anyone else .
Q : I don't know if I agree with all that . But I
would like to know more about your religious beliefs .
A : Well, I'm glad you asked. I've got my Bible
here and I'd like to read you these scriptures . Also, I
brought several articles from The Watchtower, the
Reasoning book and this Blood booklet. Here-take
all of these and you can learn what the Bible says .
Q: Okay . Your husband says here that you
don't believe in celebrating Christmas .
A: It's right here in the Reasoning book about
holidays . Just read it . If you celebrate Christmas, it's
a lie. Christ was not born on December 25. We're not
liars, so we don't lie to our children . I don't know if
you lie to your kids, do you? I can't believe how
people lie to their children . Did you know that
Christmas gifts cause depression in children?
Honest, direct, and nondefensive responses give a
clear and accurate picture . The examiner does not
expect that you have had a perfect life . Obviously, there
have been some problems or rocky areas in your life.
Therefore, you should feel free to talk about these
situations objectively and with confidence . Here is an
example to help you see the difference from the
preceding interview :
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PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
Q: When did you get married to John?
A: I married him when I was just 19 years old .
I was glad to get out of the house, and I really
thought I loved him when we were married .
Q: Oh, I see . And how long did the marriage
last?
A: We were married for 10 years . It wasn't a
good marriage right from the start .
Q: What do you mean by that?
A : We were never close . I was young, and he
was young . There was a lot of arguing and fighting
about everything . When we had a child, things got
worse. Neither one of us were ready for being
parents, especially him .
Q: And what do you mean when you said `he
wasn't ready for being a parent'?
A : For the first six months lie rarely even held
Lisa. He would stay out late at night because she
cried a lot . You know, I really think he loves Lisa
now, but he rarely showed her much attention when
we were together .
Q: I see. And what brought about the end of
the marriage?
A: When he had an affair, I just couldn't take
it anymore. He claims I drove him to it by becoming
one of Jehovah's Witnesses . He was always highly
critical of my beliefs and even became outwardly
hostile at times . I think he was just using my
religion as an excuse . When I wouldn't take him
back, he wanted to get back at me by trying to take
custody of my Lisa .
Q: And why do you think he was so critical of
your beliefs?
A: Well, doctor, I'm not a psychiatrist, but I
think he was insecure about my sincere and
dedicated interest in the Bible . He always seemed to
feel I would lose interest in him and not have
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PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
respect for his opinions . He claimed I tried to force
religion on him. But that's not true . He has the right
to his own opinions. He claimed I was always going
to meetings, reading the Bible, and talking with
people about the Bible . You know, it's true that my
religious activities occupied more of my time, but I
feel I was balanced.
Q : And what do you mean, you felt you were
balanced?
A: As one of Jehovah's Witnesses, I learned
that I had to be balanced in caring for the needs of
my family . I really tried to be a better wife by
showing him more kindness and love . I tried to have
the house cleaned and food on the table when I
attended my meetings . I didn't neglect him as he
claims, but rather, I improved . Unfortunately, it
seemed that the harder I tried to be a better wife,
the worse he got . It seemed that my being a better
person was overshadowed by being one of Jehovah's
Witnesses. I don't want to give you the impression I
was perfect . I made my mistakes. But I really feel I
tried.
And I don't want to sound like he's all bad . In
fact, he was a very good provider . Around the house
he was very helpful in fixing and repairing things .
You know, underneath his critical feelings about my
religious beliefs, I always felt that he was very
sensitive but he just couldn't show it . I don't love
him anymore . But I do feel compassion for him . I'm
really angry and hurt that he would try to get back
at me by taking my Lisa and saying I'm a religious
fanatic. You know, doctor, I really think there's more
to it than just the religion .
A court will be interested in examining your
religious beliefs. A popular issue raised when one mate is
not one of Jehovah's Witnesses is the fact that Jehovah's
Witnesses do not celebrate holidays like Christmas and
birthdays. You must be prepared to respond to this issue
in an honest and direct manner . The psychologist will
want to know whether your children are actually
damaged or hindered by your religious convictions. This
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PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
presents a fine opportunity for you to show that your
religious beliefs are not detrimental to your child's
well-being. Rather, when viewed in the proper
perspective, comparing the love and affection you offer
your child and the other opportunities for enjoyable
times as a family, the lack of celebration of holidays
such as Christmas and birthdays poses no serious threat
to the child's well-being .
Q: I noticed from the report your spouse claims
you don't allow your child to celebrate holidays like
Christmas and birthdays.
A: That's true . We don't participate in these
holidays because they're not accurately based on the
Bible . For example, Christ was not born on
December 25, but in the fall of the year . When
viewed realistically, how could there have been
shepherds in the fields in the wintertime? We believe
that our children should not be told that Santa Claus
exists when it's just not true . You know, I'm aware
that my child might feel left out, so I make an extra
effort to compensate for not celebrating Christmas .
I'm not opposed to giving gifts ; in fact, I regularly
give gifts to Lisa all year round . Arid more important
than material things, I feel that I show Lisa a lot of
love. I try to build a really close relationship with
her by spending a lot of time with her . You know,
doctor, my ex-husband claims that by not celebrating
those holidays our child is going to be psychologically
damaged . But if that were really so, what about
the millions of Orientals and Africans who also don't
celebrate these holidays? I just can't believe that
they're going to be psychologically damaged by not
celebrating Christmas .
Q : Yes, that's true . You mentioned that you try
to show extra interest and love to Lisa. Can you
elaborate on what you do?
A: There are many times when we just sit and
talk. Lisa likes to come in after school and discuss
her day with me . When she brings home a school
project that she's really proud of, I try to stop what
I'm doing and praise her . I also like to include her in
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PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
some of the household duties like cooking, sewing,
and things like that . It gives me an opportunity to
teach her things . I really enjoy being with her . Also,
I really try to build her self-esteem and encourage
her in her artwork. You know, she really has
potential. Sometimes she gets discouraged because
she wants to do better. So I encourage her .
Q: Yes. Very interesting . Is there anything
else?
A: Well, that's about it . Wait-there is one
more thing. I do spend time studying the Bible with
her. I feel it's important that she learn something
about Jehovah God .
Q: And what do you teach your child in these
Bible studies?
A: I try to teach her about some fundamental
principles like honesty and why it is important . Also,
we study about showing love to others, being kind,
forgiving, and things like that .
Above all, the mental health care professional will
want to know what type of relationship you have with
your child . You want to communicate the fact that your
religious beliefs have helped you to become a better
parent. You will want to show that a Christian parent is
capable of providing for the emotional and physical
needs of the child, as well as the child's spiritual needs .
Take the opportunity to show that a warm, loving bond
already exists between you and your child, so that any
disruption to this bond will be detrimental to the child .
The mental health care professional who is
conducting the interview may know very little about the
religious teachings and practices of Jehovah's Witnesses .
Therefore, you will want to use language and
illustrations that will help the examiner to clearly
understand the lifestyle of a Christian . You will want to
present yourself as one who follows the teachings of the
Scriptures, not as one who is dogmatic and a slave to
rules. By reasoning, help the examiner to see that the
course you have selected is a course of wisdom and
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PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
reason. The following dialogue is an example of how you
might explain the fact that Christians attend five
Bible-based meetings each week and are encouraged to
devote additional time for personal Bible study :
A: Well, Lisa generally comes with me . Our
meetings are much like a classroom . We usually
have someone giving a reading, a discussion about a
Bible topic . We encourage all, young and old, to
learn to really reason and think about a matter .
Rather than just telling Lisa what to think, I
encourage her to use her mind . As one of Jehovah's
Witnesses, I feel that the Bible encourages us to use
our God-given conscience.
Q: Can you give me an example of that?
A Yes. You know God tells us to show love and
kindness. Let's say that Lisa - is out playing ball with
another child, and she takes something that is not
hers. I would reason with her about it, helping her to
understand why it is wrong, rather than just
punishing her or demanding that she be honest . It
may sound simple, but as a parent, you know it is a
very difficult process . I try my best.
Q: Okay. And how often do you go to these
meetings?
A : We have five hours of meetings a week . To
some, that may sound like a lot. But it's about the
same number of hours a student would spend in one
class at school a week . It's a relatively small number
of hours if you think that there are 168 hours in a
week. It's actually less than three percent .
Like holidays and the celebration of Christmas,
Jehovah's Witnesses' position on the use of blood is
controversial and is often raised as an issue of contention
by an unbelieving mate. You want reasonably to stress
the fact that you are not opposed to medical treatment.
Rather, as a sound, thinking person, you desire to have
medical treatment for your minor child in the event of a
medical crisis . However, because of the Scriptural
admonition regarding blood, and the many serious
medical dangers associated with blood transfusions, you
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PREPARATION FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
want to show your reasonableness in the fact that you
have already investigated medical alternatives to the use
of blood . You should be prepared to talk about these
alternatives in some detail, showing that you are capable
and prepared to care for the child's physical needs :
Q : As one of Jehovah's Witnesses you don't
believe in blood transfusions, do you?
A : That's true . Our position on blood
transfusions is primarily a religious one, but we also
know there are many medical dangers from blood .
We take our position on this issue from various
scriptural references, such as Acts 15 :28, 29 and
Leviticus 17 :13, 14 . These scriptures point out that
we should avoid the use of blood in our bodies . I'm
sure you, as a doctor, are already aware of the
potential medical complications that can arise from
blood transfusions, such as hepatitis and AIDS .
Because of our stand, some feel that we refuse all
medical treatment . But this is just not true . We fully
utilize medical doctors . In the area of transfusions,
we do accept non-blood volume expanders such as
saline solution, Ringer's lactate, dextran, etc .
Perhaps you'd like to read about the medical aspects
of our stand . I have a copy of an article that
appeared in The Journal of the American . Medical
Association on this question of Jehovah's Witnesses
and blood transfusions . (Reproduced in the Awake!
of June 22, 1982, pages 25-27 .)
Doctor, you might be reassured to know that I
have made medical provisions to ensure that Lisa
will receive proper medical attention if and when she
needs it. For example, I have a doctor who has
agreed to respect our views on blood . Also, if an
emergency should arise, I've made arrangements to
have my child transported to a hospital with doctors
that specialize in surgery on Jehovah's Witnesses .
Q: Thank you. That was very interesting . I'll
take the article . To be honest with you, I don't know
if I'll have time to read it . But I'll certainly try .
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