I did not have time, this morning, to continue some thoughts on the development of authority in the first Christian community. Jesus had left no clear instructions as to how his disciples were to be organised, likely, it is thought, because he expected that his death would be the catalyst that would cause Yahweh to restore the Davidic kingdom, a thought that seems expressed in the words of Jesus during the passover meal. (Matthew 26:29).
So when the disciples started meeting together within the Jerusalem Temple the direction of the group was in the hands of the twelve, but for unclear reasons, most of the twelve disappear from view, and we never really see the apostles acting together as a group in later periods.
Within ten years, power seems to be concentrated in the hands of Jesus brother, James, and he dominates the community of believers in Jesus until his death in 62CE. James is spoken of by the author of Acts as having gathered a body of elders around him (Acts 11:30, 15:2,4,6,220, so we can imagine a more rigid community structure, and therefore less room for the charismatic authority of the earlier section of Acts that depended on the Spirit and on visions. Where did the idea of a body of elders, acting under the guidance of a senior person, come from? Many scholars feel James adopted the pattern of synagogue government that the Jews were also developing, which makes some sense in view of the close links that must have existed while the early 'Christian' believers met in the Temple for worship.
It is reasonably clear that James died in 62 CE, and the synagogue pattern continued developing within the Christian communities. Within 50 years we find an influential Christian like Ignatius of Antioch writing letters of encouragement to some Christian communities in Asia (around 110 CE). There were problems in the churches of heresy and division, and the solution that Ignatius suggested was absolute obedience to the authority of the local overseer (bishop), and a body of elders and a group of assisting deacons. Nothing is to be done in the church without the bishop's permission. To what extent that was already occurring in 110 CE is a matter of argument among scholars, but certainly this became the standard pattern of governance within the church during the second and third centuries.
The letters that Ignatius wrote stress obedience to the Bishop a number of times, in has various letters. One example is his letter to the Magnesians, chap. 6, verse 1:
"Let the bishop preside in God's place, and the presbyters (elders) take the place of the apostolic council, and let the deacons (my special favourites) be entrusted with the ministry of Jesus,"
All that the witnesses have done is to remove the role of the bishop from within the local congregation and centralise it with a GB.