Inhibiting Telomerase
At the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, Li Mao, MD is studying telomerase activity in the lung tissues of heavy smokers. Telomerase is an enzyme that conveys Methuselah-like longevity to cells that would otherwise have normal lifespans. It makes these cells virtually immortal and is an important part of the cancer process.
So how can one suppress telomerase? Retinoids, vitamin A-like compounds, significantly decreases the activity of telomerase. In a placebo-controlled trial, heavy smokers with no evidence of cancer were given a synthetic retinoid (called 4-HPR) to see if this would decrease telomerase activity. Such treatment significantly reduced expression of a biomarker for telomerase by more than 20 percent, indicating a reduced risk of lung cancer.
"This is the first data to provide promising evidence that a molecular biomarker may sensitively measure the efficacy of a chemopreventive agent in the lung," said the Houston scientist. It also inadvertently strengthens the rationale for using carrot juice as part of a holistic approach to cancer, an approach pioneered in the 1930s by the controversial Dr. Max Gerson. What goes around, comes around….
Novel Antitumor Agents
The poster sessions are to me the most fascinating part of AACR. They are a huge and changing bazaar of findings, where you also get to see the faces behind the research. The most interesting ones this year were devoted to novel antitumor agents, including:
- MGN-3, an anticancer agent made from rice bran and mushrooms
- SPES and PC SPES, two Chinese herbal mixtures used for pancreatic cancer
- EGCG, from green tea, used to treat pancreatic cancer cells
- Curcumin, derived from the spice turmeric, and resveratrol, derived from red wine
- Japanese butterfly alkaloids as a cytotoxic agent
- Butyric acid, derived from butter, used against leukemia cells
- Squalene, from shark liver oil, to protect bone marrow during chemotherapy
- Ascorbic acid and copper as a treatment for advanced breast cancer
- Anvirzel, extract of the oleander bush (Nerium oleander), as anticancer agent
- Morinda citrifolia (noni) against breast and colon cancer cells
Researchers also gathered four and five deep around posters devoted to dendritic cell vaccines…43 posters on a topic that is creating excitement in all parts of the cancer world. Yet none of the researchers I spoke to was familiar with the way that dendritic cell vaccines are currently being used at various unconventional clinics.
The fields of conventional research and CAM practice are groping towards each other but only connect at rare moments. Some conventional researchers scour the health food stores for new treatment ideas, but seem in the dark about how their research relates to the current practice of non-conventional medicine. As one example, the AACR researcher working on SPES and PC SPES had no idea what was in those two Chinese herbal mixtures! Conversely, alternative practitioners may consult the orthodox literature, but few of them thought it important to attend this meeting.
The challenge of the years ahead will be to knit together the best of conventional and alternative approaches into a new field, which has been called integrative oncology