The expansion of knowledge in the past three hundred years has made the nature of the 'great thinkers' change.
Newton, da Vinchi, and other 'Natural Philosophers' probably knew a very very high percentage of what had been learnt by man at that point in history.
Now we know so much more that only the very greatest polymaths can claim to have a good knowledge of more than a handfull of areas of study; Richard Fienman for example took a sabbatical as a physics professor and actually made discoveries in biology - the exception rather than the rule.
Thus I would say, yes; the sum total of human knowledge is too large for a human brain to integrate. There's so much to know; Newton would have been competent to set up the eqivalent of a factory or supervise building work; Hawkins could supervise the same, but would have to call in experts for certain areas unless he felt like spending a couple of years learning all there is to learn about (for instance) semi-conductor fabrication.
Also,. the rate of technological progress has increased as inventions typically allow inventions. A hundrted years ago there would have been few changes in medication or treatment for a certain condition in the lifetime of a doctor; now retraining and refreshing skills is essential to keep pace.
As jgnat pointed out (I like the PDA joke), a random group of a hundred modern people could not rebuild modern society. You'd have one telephone sanitiser too many and not enough food chemists and petrochemical engineers, let alone semiconductor fabrication experts. It would be quite surprising if a random group of a hundred people were able to advance from 'shipwreck' to generating electricity in a short space of time.
A random group of a hundred neolithic people would hold ALL or almost the knowledge of their people and be able to continue their culture on. A hundred people from 1500 would probably be able to build society up to roughly the level they had before any theoretical 'shipwreck'.
This however poses no problem; having the ability to integrate the total sum of human knowledge is not something that would receive significant amounts of selection pressure as it would not afford signficant reproductive benefts; we are not going to evolve bigger brains!