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Alternative Daily Text for Monday, May 19, 2014
“A private place should be designated for use outside the camp.” (Deuteronomy 23:12)
God provided clear instructions for Israel’s trek through the wilderness. He also regulated how the call of nature should be answered. There should be a privy “outside the camp,” and he commanded: “There is where you should go. A peg should be part of your equipment. When you squat outside, you should dig a hole with it and then cover your excrement.” (Deuteronomy 23:12, 13) What did this mean in practice? To get an idea of it, we have to realize how big Israel’s camp was. “The number coming up out of Egypt, namely, 600,000 able-bodied men besides women and children, would mean that there could have been more than three million persons.” – Insight on the Scriptures, volume I, page 778.
“More than three million persons” need a lot of space. Los Angeles has 3.9 million inhabitants and occupies 503 square miles. Imagine that for all inhabitants of Los Angeles (or Chicago, or Berlin,) there would only be a single privy outside the city! Even with our modern transportation means, a trip across such a city can take an hour. But in Israel’s camp there was no subway; every inhabitant had to walk to the privy outside the camp by foot.
Of course, back then there were no multistory buildings, only tents. If we assume that every person needed 100 square feet, the camp would have had a diameter around 4 miles. A person could walk that distance in an hour; of course only if there would not be tens of thousands of others on the way. But we must not forget that there were not only 3 million people in the camp, but also “flocks and herds, a great number of livestock.” (Exodus 12:38) The animals must have been near their owners. We don’t know how large the “flocks and herds” were, but some people owned thousands of animals. (Job 1:3) And we also don’t know what happened to the animals’ excrements – maybe they were left in the camp, or the owners gathered them and brought them to the privy.
Due to the many animals, the camp might have had a diameter of 12, or maybe even 30 miles. Depending on one’s home location, the way to the privy and back could have taken a day or more. And imagine how pleasant it was to live at the edge of the camp, right next to the privy! Granted, there were the noises and smells, but the way to the privy was short. All in all, we can conclude that Israel’s camp was perfectly organized.