Good grief...
Here's an abstract discussing the "advancements" in medicine that occurred during the American Civil War...
From: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3046560
The contributions to medical care that developed during the Civil War have not been fully appreciated, probably because the quality of care administered was compared against modern standards rather than the standards of the time. The specific accomplishments that constituted major advances were as follows. 1. Accumulation of adequate records and detailed reports for the first time permitted a complete military medical history. This led to the publication of the Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, which was identified in Europe as the first major academic accomplishment by US medicine. 2. Development of a system of managing mass casualties, including aid stations, field hospitals, and general hospitals, set the pattern for management of the wounded in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. 3. The pavilion-style general hospitals, which were well ventilated and clean, were copied in the design of large civilian hospitals over the next 75 years. 4. The importance of immediate, definitive treatment of wounds and fractures was demonstrated and it was shown that major operative procedures, such as amputation, were optimally carried out in the first 24 hours after wounding. 5. The importance of sanitation and hygiene in preventing infection, disease, and death among the troops in the field was demonstrated. 6. Female nurses were introduced to hospital care and Catholic orders entered the hospital business. 7. The experience and training of thousands of physicians were upgraded and they were introduced to new ideas and standards of care. These included familiarity with prevention and treatment of infectious disease, with anesthetic agents, and with surgical principles that rapidly advanced the overall quality of American medical practice. 8. The Sanitary Commission was formed, a civilian-organized soldier's relief society that set the pattern for the development of the American Red Cross.
While I agree that the typical practices of the time are what the Civil War medical developments should be measured against, take a look at what they seem to primarily consist of...
1. Accumulation of adequate records and detailed reports for the first time permitted a complete military medical history.
2. Development of a system of managing mass casualties, including aid stations, field hospitals, and general hospitals...
3. The pavilion-style general hospitals, which were well ventilated and clean, were copied in the design of large civilian hospitals over the next 75 years...
4. The importance of immediate, definitive treatment of wounds and fractures was demonstrated and it was shown that major operative procedures, such as amputation, were optimally carried out in the first 24 hours after wounding... []
5. The importance of sanitation and hygiene in preventing infection, disease, and death among the troops in the field was demonstrated.
6. Female nurses were introduced to hospital care and Catholic orders entered the hospital business.
7. The experience and training of thousands of physicians were upgraded and they were introduced to new ideas and standards of care. These included familiarity with prevention and treatment of infectious disease, with anesthetic agents, and with surgical principles...
8. The Sanitary Commission was formed, a civilian-organized soldier's relief society that set the pattern for the development of the American Red Cross.
True, those were impressive advancements, but very little could be done to graft skin, blood vessels or bone; prevent gangrene, alleviate pain; the anesthetics were primitive and often applied unevenly...
I don't think they understood the connection between mosquitoes and diseases such as malaria at that time, either...
