cofty

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Posts by cofty

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  291

  Evolution is a Fact #1 - Protein Functional Redundancy

  by cofty in

  1. watchtower
  2. beliefs

  i intend for this to be one of a series of bite-sized ops on the evidence for evolution.. introduction to dna genes are sequences of dna made up of words (codons) each of which are three letters (bases) long.

  there are only four letters in the genetic alphabet (acg&t) each word or codon is the recipe for one amino acid.

  there are 20 different amino acids in living organisms.

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  cofty

  The odds of obtaining even one of these by chance is 2.0 x 10 -44 - Hooby

  This is a distraction from the topic but let's get it out the way.

  There are perhaps 20,000 different proteins in human cells. The average number of amino acids in these proteins is around 400 or so. That makes Cytochrome C a relatively small molecule at just 104 amino acids. Not one of evolution's biggest achievements.

  Your challenge seems to be that evolution could never come up with any protein because 'chance'.

  The answer to your question is to be found in chapter one of every basic textbook on evolution. It was the great discovery of Charles Darwin. EVOLUTION is NOT ABOUT CHANCE.

  Life doesn't have to wait for its lottery numbers to come up - natural selection is a chance accumulator.

  The crucial thing about a protein is its physical shape. Amino acids join together in random ways like oddly shaped magnets combining to make larger shapes with all sorts of bumps and crevices. Something that is approximately the correct shape will give its host an advantage.

  The number of sequences that will produce something 'good enough' is orders of magnitude greater than the - astonishingly massive - number of sequences that result in the optimum version.

  It arrives at its final form as a result of natural selection that favours any small improvement. After that, any future changes will be selected for if and only if they don't negatively affect the efficiency of its function.

  Artificial Intelligence and engineering are using versions of natural selection to optimise design.
• 
  291

  Evolution is a Fact #1 - Protein Functional Redundancy

  by cofty in

  1. watchtower
  2. beliefs

  i intend for this to be one of a series of bite-sized ops on the evidence for evolution.. introduction to dna genes are sequences of dna made up of words (codons) each of which are three letters (bases) long.

  there are only four letters in the genetic alphabet (acg&t) each word or codon is the recipe for one amino acid.

  there are 20 different amino acids in living organisms.

  1. 
  2. 
  3. 
• 

  cofty

  Yeast, insect, a fish, a bird, and a mammal all have approximately the same number of Cytochrome C differences relative to a bacteria. - Hooby

  Yes of course they do. Even though I wrote this thread to describe the pattern of ubiquitous proteins in eukaryotes your point about prokaryotes adds to the evidence.

  I have asked you FOUR times to have a go at answering your own question.

  Why is the difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cytochrome c sequences exactly as evolution would predict?

  I will give you a clue. Think about the time-scales.

  We are on page 28 and you still haven't explained the facts in the OP from the perspective of creationism.

  It's almost as if you don't understand your own question - or the topic, or anything at all about evolution.

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  25

  Thought Provoking Question to a JW?

  by Solzhenitsyn in

  1. watchtower
  2. beliefs

  did jesus ever utter the name jehovah?.

  and if he didn't what are the implications?

  nwt answers don't count but feel free to use the kingdom interlinear.

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  cofty

  I think it's an excellent question.

  The gospels record Jesus challenging religious traditions and the confrontations that ensued. Not one word about the divine name.

  Three possibilities...

  A - He did use the divine name and nobody objected.
  B - He did use the divine name resulting in massive outrage and the gospel writers never thought to mention it.
  C - He didn't use the divine name.
• 
  291

  Evolution is a Fact #1 - Protein Functional Redundancy

  by cofty in

  1. watchtower
  2. beliefs

  i intend for this to be one of a series of bite-sized ops on the evidence for evolution.. introduction to dna genes are sequences of dna made up of words (codons) each of which are three letters (bases) long.

  there are only four letters in the genetic alphabet (acg&t) each word or codon is the recipe for one amino acid.

  there are 20 different amino acids in living organisms.

  1. 
  2. 
  3. 
• 

  cofty

  Come on Hooby don't run away now.

  First explain how creationism explains the table below, and then tell us why cytochrome C in prokaryotes are significantly different from all eukaryotes just as evolution predicts.

  
  
• 
  291

  Evolution is a Fact #1 - Protein Functional Redundancy

  by cofty in

  1. watchtower
  2. beliefs

  i intend for this to be one of a series of bite-sized ops on the evidence for evolution.. introduction to dna genes are sequences of dna made up of words (codons) each of which are three letters (bases) long.

  there are only four letters in the genetic alphabet (acg&t) each word or codon is the recipe for one amino acid.

  there are 20 different amino acids in living organisms.

  1. 
  2. 
  3. 
• 

  cofty

  I have asked you three times if you understand why the diagram you posted regarding prokaryotes is exactly what evolution predicts?

  You are the one avoiding the topic not me.
• 
  291

  Evolution is a Fact #1 - Protein Functional Redundancy

  by cofty in

  1. watchtower
  2. beliefs

  i intend for this to be one of a series of bite-sized ops on the evidence for evolution.. introduction to dna genes are sequences of dna made up of words (codons) each of which are three letters (bases) long.

  there are only four letters in the genetic alphabet (acg&t) each word or codon is the recipe for one amino acid.

  there are 20 different amino acids in living organisms.

  1. 
  2. 
  3. 
• 

  cofty

  Stop deleting posts and replacing them after I have replied!
• 
  291

  Evolution is a Fact #1 - Protein Functional Redundancy

  by cofty in

  1. watchtower
  2. beliefs

  i intend for this to be one of a series of bite-sized ops on the evidence for evolution.. introduction to dna genes are sequences of dna made up of words (codons) each of which are three letters (bases) long.

  there are only four letters in the genetic alphabet (acg&t) each word or codon is the recipe for one amino acid.

  there are 20 different amino acids in living organisms.

  1. 
  2. 
  3. 
• 

  cofty

  gg - Hooby

  No not really. It's only been worthwhile if you (or somebody else reading this) have learned something.

  Why don't you genuinely commit to studying the scientific case for evolution? It's clear from your posts that you haven't ever read any science books.

  I could have left this series of threads after this very first one. It proves common ancestry beyond all doubt. But I wrote another 39 threads just to make sure there was no room for doubt...
• 
  291

  Evolution is a Fact #1 - Protein Functional Redundancy

  by cofty in

  1. watchtower
  2. beliefs

  i intend for this to be one of a series of bite-sized ops on the evidence for evolution.. introduction to dna genes are sequences of dna made up of words (codons) each of which are three letters (bases) long.

  there are only four letters in the genetic alphabet (acg&t) each word or codon is the recipe for one amino acid.

  there are 20 different amino acids in living organisms.

  1. 
  2. 
  3. 
• 

  cofty

  Here is what you have still not attempted to explain 28 pages later...

  
  
• 
  291

  Evolution is a Fact #1 - Protein Functional Redundancy

  by cofty in

  1. watchtower
  2. beliefs

  i intend for this to be one of a series of bite-sized ops on the evidence for evolution.. introduction to dna genes are sequences of dna made up of words (codons) each of which are three letters (bases) long.

  there are only four letters in the genetic alphabet (acg&t) each word or codon is the recipe for one amino acid.

  there are 20 different amino acids in living organisms.

  1. 
  2. 
  3. 
• 

  cofty

  Therefore the burden of proof rests upon you

  I have more than met it over 27 pages.

  Comparison of cytochrome C proves common ancestry. I can't go on explaining it forever. I have simplified it and illustrated it as much as possible.

  Do you understand the gulf between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? I have explained the evolutionary link between the two on a previous thread. The topic of this one is ubiquitous proteins in eukaryotes.

  Do you need me to explain why the diagram you posted is exactly what evolution would predict?
• 
  291

  Evolution is a Fact #1 - Protein Functional Redundancy

  by cofty in

  1. watchtower
  2. beliefs

  i intend for this to be one of a series of bite-sized ops on the evidence for evolution.. introduction to dna genes are sequences of dna made up of words (codons) each of which are three letters (bases) long.

  there are only four letters in the genetic alphabet (acg&t) each word or codon is the recipe for one amino acid.

  there are 20 different amino acids in living organisms.

  1. 
  2. 
  3. 
• 

  cofty

  Don't think my picture is showing on the previous page so I will try again...