For my field, computer programming, I learned basically everything I learned from school in high school. College taught me a couple of minor things that I went, "oh, you can do that too in the language". And I learned ANOTHER assembly language - something that I had already taught myself using 2 other CPUs.
Of course, I've taken several courses through the years to keep up on new technologies too.
College did help in other ways though. Barely hanging on to JWs at the time, it exposed me to new people, new ideas, lots of clubs and things to get you thinking in a way that a controlling cult didn't want me to explore. Plus other requirements other than my field.
I remember philosophy being a course and I don't remember whether it was an elective or required. I don't know that I was particularly excited about it. But after it started, I found it extremely interesting. The study of the mind and motivations and how people think. Why we do what we do and as a species, we often aren't so different from individual to individual. If I had explored that, there may be several career opportunities. As it is, I think stopping to consider people and how they think makes me a better program designer. What are you as a user most likely to want to see the most, where should I put that info on a screen/report? Part of that's how you do your job, but other things are psychology. Colors, etc.
Some things I never used. It was good to have general knowledge of chemistry. But I've NEVER sat down to write chemical formulas. The closest I've gotten is following a food recipe.
So there was the good, the bad, the useless, and the stuff I already knew. But I'm glad for the experience.
It makes a difference how smart you are to begin with as well. I was extremely good at programming. I placed in national competitions in high school. Every programming team contest I was in with other schools, we won and I wrote MOST of the programs. I'm in MENSA.
I've seen people hired at my old company who have had bachelors and masters degrees, but were horrible programmers. Their stuff was bulky, slow, took the long way around to solve problems. They just weren't competent. So schooling doesn't always fix what a mind isn't meant to do in the first place.