The biggest problem in using early writings, etc is that there was likely no unified 'Christian' belief system. So with that in mind, we should take care not to suggest that the evidence for a particular personal belief, demonstrates that ALL early Christians believed it.
So with that thought in mind, lets look at another source of information about the post-death beliefs.
A well-known scholar, (Peter Brown, Professor Emeritus, Philip and Beulah Rollins Professor of History, Emeritus. Senior Historian. Princeton University), who has specialised in the period known as 'late antiquity' (usually considered as between the third and ninth centuries, CE.) and the rise of Christianity published a book this year, entitled, "The Ransom of the Soul." ( Harvard University Press, 2015) in which he explores the connection between ' afterlife and wealth in early western Christianity). I mention this because I'm using Brown's work to look at what early Christian's thought on the topic of life after death.
For example, on p.5 of the book, in the introduction, he quotes Cyprian (bishop of Carthage in 250 CE), death provided an instantaneous entry to heaven. He imagined,
"... to close in a moment the eyes by which human beings and the world are seen, and to open these same eyes instantly to see God and Christ."
In pages 36 to 40 he discusses messages left by the living requesting the dead to intercede for them. But that's for the next post.