BTTT
Preface to my comments: WT would have us believe that Paul went up to Jerusalem to get a decision on the matter of circumcision from the first century "governing body". The Searcher did a nice job of dispelling that, however, I wanted to add a few more observations based on Paul's first-hand account in Galatians 2.
Gal 2:2 - And I laid before them the good news which I am preaching among the nations, privately, however, before those who were outstanding men, for fear that somehow I was running or had run in vain.
Ok, comparing Galatians to Acts, we can see that Paul went to see the "outstanding men" (or "influential men" as some translations say), which turned out to be "the apostles and older men". However, contrary to my belief prior to yesterday when I read this, he met with these "privately". The multitude of the congregation was not involved. (Paul did meet with the congregation earlier, but this was a private meeting. With the entire congregation they "recounted the many things God had done by means of them" Acts 15:4.) Why privately? He explained: "for fear that somehow I was running or had run in vain." Not "running ahead", no, but simply so that his efforts to explain what he was preaching to the Gentiles was not wasted on everyone. 'First, let's get the "outstanding men" on board, then we can bring it to the rest.' Acts 15:5 states "some of those of the sect of the Pharisees that had believed rose up from their seats and said: “It is necessary to circumcise them and charge them to observe the law of Moses." This happened when Paul was meeting with the entire congregation, for verse 6 says: "And the apostles and the older men gathered together to see about this affair." So, verse 6 is where the private meeting begins.
This was a huge AHA! moment for me. This, coupled with Galatians 2:4,5: "But because of the false brothers brought in quietly, who sneaked in to spy upon our freedom which we have in union with Christ Jesus, that they might completely enslave us— 5 to these we did not yield by way of submission, no, not for an hour, in order that the truth of the good news might continue with YOU."
As The Searcher already mentioned, false brothers were brought in, however in the Acts account, you may recall that "there was no little dissention". The false brothers were among the "outstanding men" in that private meeting, such that Paul had to say "we did not yield by way of submission, no, not for an hour" (must've been a lengthy meeting!)
So, what I get from these two accounts is that Paul, 17 years after being blinded by the Lord (the first three he spent in Arabia, then Damascus before going to Jerusalem to meet Cephas and James, then another 14 before he returned to Jerusalem a second time) gets a revelation to go to Jerusalem because of this issue that false brothers were bringing to him. His point of going? He was going, not to have them make a decision, but instead, to tell them how things are by revelation of Christ. (This is where WT teachings greatly differ... the apostles and older men were not making a decision... Paul was letting them 'catch up' on the teachings of Christ, and he knew it was going to be a real challenge.)
Of course, after all of this, they agree and write the letter to the congregations saying as much.
Let's wrap up:
1. Those in Jerusalem were "outstanding men" (or "influential men") and never called a "Governing Body", or even a "council"
2. False brothers snuck in (or, as Gal 2:4 say "were brought in"... by whom, I wonder?), trying to subvert Paul's teaching
3. Paul, by way of revelation (Gal 2:2) went up to Jerusalem, essentially to straighten them out, but in a private meeting
4. The "outstanding men" argued a lot over the issue because the "false brothers" were among them
5. Paul did not back down (even bringing Titus, an uncircumcised Greek with him)
6. The "outstanding men" finally came around to Paul's way of thinking (really Christ's way of thinking)
Bottom line: no governing body in the first century existed to make a decision regarding circumcision. No, Paul was there to help the ones making the accusation (those false brothers, and anyone they could have influenced, even the apostles) understand the real teachings of Christ, that circumcision was not a requirement. He was there to adjust their thinking.