Check out the Worldwide Church of God... they were a BITE model cult,
and now Grace International, from what I have read, isn't... but they
went from non-mainstream to mainstream.
I may need a little more than just a person stating that this is no longer a cult. Furthermore, mainstream and "not a cult" are not synonyms.
Universal
Definition
CULT - Any group which has a
pyramid type authoritarian leadership structure with all teaching and guidance
coming from the person/persons at the top. The group will claim to be the
only way to God; Nirvana; Paradise; Ultimate Reality; Full Potential, Way to
Happiness etc, and will use thought reform or mind control techniques to gain
control and keep their members.
This definition covers cults
within all major world religions, along with those cults which have no OBVIOUS
religious base such as commercial, educational and psychological cults.
Others may define these a little differently, but this is the simplest to work
from.
I am no expert, but what I have seen is that professionals an researches in the subject of cults have several different definitions and classifications of cults. In fact, some don't even use the word cult to define an organization, as it may be misleading based on the several definitions.
Here are a few definitions:
"worship; reverential homage rendered to a divine being or beings...a particular form or system of religious worship; especially in reference to its external rites and ceremonies...devotion or homage to a particular person or thing.“ – Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (1971)
"A religion regarded as unorthodox or spurious...
A system for the cure of disease based on dogma set forth by its promulgator...
Great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work...b. a usually small group of people characterized by such devotion." - Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition (1994)
Then there's a "millennial" definition of a cult:
"A group or movement exhibiting a great or excessive devotion or dedication to some person, idea, or thing and employing unethically manipulative techniques of persuasion and control (e.g. isolation from former friends and family, debilitation, use of special methods to heighten suggestibility and subservience, powerful group pressures, information management, suspension of individuality or critical judgment, promotion of total dependency on the group and fear of leaving it, etc.), designed to advance the goals of the group's leaders, to the actual or possible detriment of members, their families, or the community. – West & Langone, 1986, pp. 119-120"
That definition applies only to what they call a "totalistic type" of cult, which is one of the several ways in which some experts classify cults, such as:
- cults as dangerous, authoritarian
- cults as culturally innovative or transcultural
- cults as loosely structured protoreligions
There's a 4th form of classification of cults, based on Stark and Bainbridge’s taxonomy (1985) that distinguishes:
- audience cults
- client cults
- cult movements
As I mentioned, it's not that cut and dry, what is clear in any of the descriptions, classifications or definitions, is that all those groups have several typical characteristics, many of which some are:
- unethical influence
- conversion
- manipulation
- mind-control - brainwashing
- exploitation
- charismatic group
- new religious movement – alternative movement
- psychological abuse
- harm
That's the school where I come from, so my question is how does one can say that some organization became/was a cult and now isn't? How is that measured, what makes them a cult before and not a cult now?