dmouse said:
"I have one question though, what was the Society saying about evolution before 1918?"
I had an idea someone would ask that. :>)
The following comes from (actual paper)correspondence I recently sent to a JW elder:
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Now what exactly was the Watchtower's teaching on evolution prior to 1918? It is true that the Watchtower objected to the idea that man evolved from a common ancestor of the apes/monkeys. In the 1913 Convention Report under the section "The Harvest: Its Privileges Great and Small" on p. 343 of Pastor Russell's Convention Discourses (1906-1916) the following appears:
"Is it not true that all the pulpits of the educated ministers are either giving something about the latest novel, or some other foolishness, or they are giving them the latest deductions along the lines of higher criticism, undermining the Bible and the things of the Bible? Or, they are giving them the doctrine of evolution, and saying: This is what you are to believe: Your grandfather some distance back was a monkey. You should be glad you are not monkeys, but you are getting away from it. Now, I said, it seems to me we have made a mistake if any of us thought that would satisfy a hungering soul. There is no soul that is going to be satisfied with being told that his grandfather was a monkey. If he is satisfied with it, it shows he is a very poor creature in his own intellectuality."
The following is from Zion's Watchtower and Herald of Christ's Presence, June 1901, p.205, reprints page 2836:
"We agree that the Scriptures do not teach that the earth and all its creatures were created in six twenty-four hour days. There is nothing said in Genesis respecting the length of these periods called 'days,' but we have clearly set before us the fact that the term 'day' is properly applied in Scripture to various periods. (Luke 1:80; John 8:56; Phil. 2:16.) Our Golden Text, rightly understood, indicates that the work of the six days mentioned in Genesis was a work of ordering and filling the earth, rather than a work of creating; for it plainly declares that the creation of the earth was 'in the beginning'-- that it "was" before the matters and affairs described subsequently, but in a chaotic condition. In harmony with this again is the statement, 'Now the earth was without form and void.' (Verse 2.) This was before the six creative days began, whatever their length; they merely set the earth in order and supplied it with living creatures.
Neither do we insist that anything in the narrative necessarily involves the thought that the creation of the lower animals, fish, fowl and beasts, was in the same manner as the creation of man; rather, since their creation is merely mentioned in a general way, the inference might be drawn that God used certain (possibly evolutionary) processes in their development up to the point where they reached fixity of class, nature, genera. But we do insist that the Scriptures specifically mention man as a direct creation of God, and not as an evolution."
In volume six of Studies in the Scriptures, The New Creation, on pages 35 and 36 we find:
"What a swarming there must have been when those untellable trillions of little creatures were born, and, dying dropped one by one their little shells! We read that--God blessed them in multiplying. Yes, even so lowly an existence and for so brief a time is a favor, a blessing.
Let us not contend for more than the Scripture record demands. The Bible does not assert that God created separately and individually the myriad kinds of fish and reptiles; but merely that divine influence, or spirit, brooded, and by divine purpose the sea brought forth its creatures of various kinds. The processes are not declared--one species may, under different conditions, have developed into another; or from the same original protoplasm different orders of creatures may have developed under differing conditions. No man knoweth, and it is unwise to be dogmatic. It is not for us to dispute that even the protoplasm of the palaeozoic slime may not have come into existence through chemical action of the highly mineralized waters of the seas. What we do claim is, that all came about as results of divine intention and arrangement, and hence, were divine creations, whatever were the channels or agencies."
More is said on page 37:
"Here, again, we need not quarrel needlessly with Evolutionists. We will concede that, if God chose, he could have brought all the different species of animal life into being by a development of one from the other, or he could have developed each species separately from the original protozoan slime. We know not what method he adopted, for it is revealed neither in the Bible nor in the rocks. It is, however, clearly revealed that in whatever way God chose to accomplish it, he has fixed animal species, each 'after his kind' in such a manner that they do not change; in such a manner that the ingenuity of the human mind has not succeeded in assisting them to change. "
Pages 37, 38
"In view of our remarks, foregoing, that the Scripture language does not forbid the possibility of the plants, water-creatures and land-creatures being more or less developed or evolved, in their various kinds, it may be well for us to note the wide difference in the language used when referring to man's creation. The latter is a specific declaration of the direct exercise of the divine creative power, while the others are not, but rather imply a development"
Page 39
"Here is the battlefield between God's Word and the so-called Modern Science, to which the whole world, especially the learned-- including the leaders of thought in all theological seminaries, and the ministers in all the prominent pulpits, are bowing down-- worshiping the scientific God called 'Evolution.' The two theories are squarely at issue: if the Evolution theory is true, the Bible is false from Genesis to Revelation. If the Bible is true, as we hold, the Evolution theory is utterly false in all its deductions as respects man."
The Watchtower of January 1, 1907 on page 13, reprints page 3921, says:
"As for the lower animals we will not on their behalf quarrel with the deductions of evolutionists, although we do hold that the fixity of species today is not very favorable to their contention. If an evolutionary process did take place in the past we hold that it was so under divine supervision and guidance--that different species of plants and animals were brought to perfection, so that no further evolutionary processes in them are possible. On the other hand be it noted that the Scriptural account might be understood to rather favor the Evolution theory in respect to the lower creatures. "
Next from The Golden Age, November 12, 1919, p. 103
"One theory regarding the creation (excepting man) by a process of evolution, to which we see no serious objection, we briefly state as follows: It assumes that the various species of the present are fixed and unchangeable as far as nature or kind is concerned"
"This theory further assumes that none of these fixed species were originally created so, but that in the remote past they were developed from the earth, and by gradual processes of evolution from one form to another."
The Golden Age of February 18, 1920, p. 341 states:
"Only in respect to man does the Bible declare a special, direct creation of God. The statements of Genesis in respect to lower creatures rather favor something along the lines of specialized evolution"
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Aside from that one might point out to a JW that the WT did make the statemenet, "Only in respect to man does the Bible declare a special, direct creation of God."
Does that mean that God could have used a process (possibly evolutionary)when creating the angels and other spirit beings??
Of course the objection probably would be that what was being said in the quote dealt with the creation associated with the earth. Perhaps, but it is telling to note that JWs believe that only the Logos was the only begotten Son. This supposedly shows that the Logos was the "only direct creation" of God. Well, if we accept the above statement from the Golden Age, then I guess the Logos and man were the only direct creations. Would that mean that there were two "only begotten sons"?
Just a thought.
Thank you,
David Race(ProveAll
Edited by - ProveAll on 12 January 2003 4:35:44
Edited by - ProveAll on 12 January 2003 4:37:9
Edited by - ProveAll on 12 January 2003 5:24:21