R. Furuli, Vol. 2 Chronology Book and the Kandalanu Saturn Tablet

by AnnOMaly 24 Replies latest watchtower bible

  • AnnOMaly
    AnnOMaly

    Some of the problems with Furuli's analysis of VAT 4956's lunar data have already been discussed here: http://www.jehovahs-witness.com/10/145519/1.ashx

    The Saturn tablet dated to Kandalanu's reign (Appendix E, pp. 329-343)

    Logical and ‘scientific methodology’ applied here? You decide.

    Furuli thinks this tablet could be referring to Nabopolassar's reign. This stems from the fact that the king’s name is damaged and Furuli proposes an alternate reading of the damaged sign(s).

    "Because I open for the possibility that the king mentioned on the tablet can be either Kandalanu or Nabopolassar, I list first and last visibility in the years of Kandalanu according to the traditional chronology, and also for one year later, in order to try to apply the information to Nabopolassar." – p. 338.

    OK, Let’s examine the comparison table on p.338-9 …

    Wait. Why is Furuli’s year 2 of Nabopolassar 645? All three of his alternate chronological schemes put Nabopolassar's accession year to 646 BCE (see pp. 221, 230, 232). Therefore, Nabopolassar’s year 1 would be 645, and his year 2 would be 644, and so on. And the Julian dates seem to be off too …

    Forget the table for now. "Let us now look carefully at all the data." (p.340) and skip to the conclusions …

    It is then we are told more of the premises used in compiling the comparison table.

    He believes that "there is quite a lot of evidence indicating that Kandalanu and Nabopolassar are one and the same person" (p.340), which he has addressed in chapter 12.

    When considering the Saturn tablet’s data, he curiously makes Nabopolassar's accession year 648 BCE (so year 1 = 647, year 2 = 646, year 3 = 645 etc.). He explains why:

    "The consequence of point 2) [the bit quoted above about Kandalanu and Nabopolassar being the same - Ann] is that Nabopolassar reigned during the period that is believed to be covered by the tablet. First and last visibility of Saturn do not fit the regnal years of Nabopolassar as they are presented in this book. But because there seems to have been an interregnum before Nabopolassar, a scribe could have reckoned his first regnal year one or two years before it actually started. If the one who wrote the tablet overlooked the two years without king, he would have reckoned 647 as Nabopolassar's first year, the very year that is Kandalanu's first year according to the traditional chronology. In that case the years 1-14 of Saturn observations would equal regnal years 1-14 of Nabopolassar" - p. 340 (my emphasis).

    Hmm. After admitting that the tablet’s data don’t fit Nabopolassar’s regnal years under the three alternate chronologies already proposed, Furuli supposes that a scribe writing the tablet might have had a brainstorm and decided to extend the years of Nabopolassar's reign backwards a couple years to before he was even king!

    Okay, let’s run with this idea …. So, why are the regnal years on the comparison table still out? Comparison table says year 2 = 645, 3 = 644, etc., while Furuli’s scribe says year 2 = 646, 3 = 645, etc.

    A mystery. Leave that for now and continue reading …

    Only then

    , scattered about on p. 341, do we find two more key factors as to why the comparison table made no sense. Firstly,

    "We also find my calculations, based on the assumption that the accession year of Nabopolassar was counted as his first regnal year, and that the tablet covers years 1-14 of Nabopolassar, with 646 B.C.E. as year 1.*" (my emphasis)

    "[footnote]* There seem to be two years before Nabopolassar without a king where Nabopolassar had some power. This could cause different views as to which year was his accession year, and that could again cause some to count his traditional accession year as his first year of reign."

    Ah ha! So there may have been other brainstorming scribes who decided to dispense with the customary accession-year system of reckoning kings’ reigns, and switch to a non-accession method in this one king’s case. This is the imaginary situation Furuli bases his comparison table on.

    Secondly,

    "One problem with the scheme of Walker [against whose traditional scheme Furuli’s comparisons are made – A], if I have understood him correctly, is that year V of Kandalanu begins on 12 March. This is before the vernal equinox, and four other years begin before this event as well. We cannot exclude the possibility that a year could begin before the vernal equinox, but that is not likely. In the scheme used for Nabopolassar all the years begin after the vernal equinox."

    Oh that explains why the Julian dates are off (again - they were off for the alternate dating of VAT 4956’s lunar positions too). Despite Parker and Dubberstein’s standard work showing that Babylonian new years in the 7th and 6th centuries BCE frequently began before the vernal equinox (March 27/28, Julian date), Furuli maintains that such an event was ‘not likely.’

    Also, it’s worth noting that year 5 of Kandalanu, according to Walker, begins on March 14 (not 12, which was before the new moon crescent could be sighted), and that there are not ‘four other years’ beginning before the vernal equinox, but six (years 2, 4, 7, 8, 10 and 13). Walker’s full article can be found at http://www.caeno.org/_Eponym/pdf/Walker_Saturn%20in%20Kandalanu%20reign.pdf

    Bottom line:

    The basis for Furuli’s ‘scientific’ approach when comparing the traditional understanding of the Saturn tablet with a new one, is to ignore the three alternate chronologies already postulated in his book (and where, each time, Nabopolassar’s accession year is assigned to 646 BCE), and to manipulate a new, unlikely, fourth regnal year scheme just for Nabopolassar and just for this tablet.

  • Dagney
    Dagney

    Wow! I'm very impressed!

  • AnnOMaly
    AnnOMaly

    Thanks, but I definitely need to get out more

  • Dagney
    Dagney

    Either that...or lead the revolution!!

  • JCanon
    JCanon
    "[footnote]* There seem to be two years before Nabopolassar without a king where Nabopolassar had some power. This could cause different views as to which year was his accession year, and that could again cause some to count his traditional accession year as his first year of reign."

    Hmmmm, thanks for this reference!

    JCanon

  • Alleymom
    Alleymom
    Ann's quote from Furuli: "One problem with the scheme of Walker [against whose traditional scheme Furuli’s comparisons are made – A] , if I have understood him correctly, is that year V of Kandalanu begins on 12 March. This is before the vernal equinox, and four other years begin before this event as well. We cannot exclude the possibility that a year could begin before the vernal equinox, but that is not likely. In the scheme used for Nabopolassar all the years begin after the vernal equinox."

    Ann's comment: Oh that explains why the Julian dates are off ( again - they were off for the alternate dating of VAT 4956’s lunar positions too). Despite Parker and Dubberstein’s standard work showing that Babylonian new years in the 7th and 6th centuries BCE frequently began before the vernal equinox (March 27/28, Julian date), Furuli maintains that such an event was ‘not likely.’

    Ann --

    Thanks for the excellent analysis of Furuli's discussion of the Saturn tablet in Appendix E.

    For further reading on the question of Babylonian new years falling before the vernal equinox, I recommend Manuel Gerber, "A Common Source for the Late Babylonian Chronicles Dealing with the Eighth and Seventh Centuries," Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 120, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec.2000), pp. 553-569.

    Gerber analyzed 101 Babylonian New Year's dates between 748 and 539 BCE.

    The data shows that there was a shift in the dates of the Babylonian New Year. In the 8th century, it was frequently celebrated before the vernal equinox; in fact, Gerber says that the "commonly held view" is that "the aimed-for beginning of the Babylonian year in the eighth century fell about two weeks before vernal equinox."

    There was a shift to roughly ten days after the equinox during the reign of Nabopolassar, but a look at the charts shows that there were still many years when it was celebrated before the equinox right through the entire neo-Babylonian era.

    Also note that on page 534 Gerber says: "The Julian equivalents of the 87 New Year's dates of the Neo-Babylonian empire (626-539) are known reliably with an error margin of one day (Parker and Dubberstein 1956; with a correction in Neugebauer and Sachs 1967: 189; Kennedy 1986: 222)."

    Here are the dates from Parker and Dubberstein. I have highlighted the years when Nisanu 1 (the Babylonian New Year) was celebrated before the vernal equinox.

    Year BCE / date of Nisanu 1. Highlights indicate New Year fell on or before the vernal equinox.

    626 = 4 April BCE
    625 = 23 March624 = 13 March
    623 = 1 April
    622 = 21 March
    621 = 10 March620 = 29 March
    619 = 18 March618 = 6 April
    617 = 25 March616 = 14 March615 = 2 April
    614 = 23 March613 = 10 April
    612 = 30 March
    611 = 20 March 610 = 8 April
    609 = 27 March608 = 16 March607 = 5 March606 = 24 March605 = 11 April
    604 = 1 April
    603 = 21 March602 = 9 April
    601 = 29 March
    600 = 18 March599 = 5 April
    598 = 26 March 597 = 12 April
    596 = 2 April
    595 = 21 April
    594 = 11 April
    593 = 29 April
    592 = 18 April
    591 = 7 April
    590 = 26 April
    589= 14 April
    588 = 3 April
    587 = 22 April
    586 = 12 April
    585 = 1 April
    584 = 21 March583 = 9 April
    582 = 29 March
    581 = 16 April
    580 = 6 April
    579 = 25 March578 = 13 April
    577 = 2 April
    576 = 21 April
    575 = 11 April
    574 = 31 March
    573 = 18 April
    572 = 7 April
    571 = 25 April
    570 = 15 April
    569 = 3 April
    568 = 22 April
    567 = 12 April
    566 = 1 April
    565 = 21 March564 = 10 March563 = 28 March
    562 = 16 April
    561 = 5 April
    560 = 25 March559 = 13 April
    558 = 3 April
    557 = 22 March556 = 10 April
    555 = 30 March
    554 = 18 April
    553 = 6 April
    552 = 25 April
    551 = 15 April
    550 = 4 April
    549 = 22 April
    548 = 12 April
    547 = 1 April
    546 = 21 March545 = 8 April
    544 = 28 March
    543 = 16 April
    542 = 5 April
    541 = 25 March540 = 13 April
    539 = 3 April

    Marjorie

  • JCanon
    JCanon

    Thanks ALLEYMOM for the specific reference. There are references out there that state different things, it is good to actually have a specific reference. I often quote this one from Wikipedia, in fact:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/760s_BC

    "June 15, 763 BC - A solar eclipse at this date (in month Sivan) is used to fix the chronology of the Ancient Near East. However, it should be noted that it requires Nisan 1 to fall on March 20, 763 BC, which was 8 to 9 days before the vernal equinox (March 28/29 at that time) and Babylonians never started their calendar year before the spring equinox. Main article: Assyrian eclipse"

  • hillary_step
    hillary_step

    "I Do Not Permit A Woman to Excercise Authority over a Man - Why?" August 22, 1967 AWAKE!

    The female skull is lighter and its cranial capacity is about 10 percent smaller that that of the male...True, mere brain size in itself is not as important as brain quailty, but where the brain quality is the same the larger brain has an advantage. ...Implicit in these findings is that man is advantaged by a greater sized brain...women must learn the art of 'eternal acquiescence' and 'deep altruism' in dealing with their husbands if they want to find happiness."

    Given the above information from God's only true representatives on earth, I would recommend that you quit trying to find fault with what this man has written, recognize your inferior cranial capacities and get back to things best suited to the female mind, providing food and sex for your mates.

    Seriously, both Ann and Alleymom, a very good catch and excellent work. Scholar should be with you momentarily to defend his massively cranial last hope.

    HS

  • JCanon
    JCanon

    There is a potential problem with the Saturn reference now that we are talking about when the year begins, whether early or late. And that is, the actual Saturn positions are a month off! Instead of occurring in months 6 and 7, they actually occur in months 7 and 8. If the year began early in 640 BCE then we'd be looking at an astronomical match even one month later in month 8 and 9. So the early dating doesn't help the Saturn text.

    Here are the graphics showing the precise "astronomical" match. The technical difference is that the "furrow" is assigned by scholars to the single star alpha-Virginis. Which might be okay for general reference, but the star takes it name from the actual furrow shape cuased by the stars in Virgo, thus the actual "furrow" becomes the default reference when Saturn is described "between" the furrow and Libra. It is an awkward description to describe this position simply between alpha-Virginis and Libra since alpha-Virginis is well within Virgo.

    Here is the actual text descriptions, which you can see from the graphics fit the dates for the 5th but not the month. The discrepancy suggests the Saturn text is fraudulent and cryptically misdated by one month for some reason.

    SATURN TEXT: Year 8, month 6, day 5, behind the Furrow, last appearance. [Year 8], month 7, day 5, "between the Furrow and the Balance (Libra), first appearance.

    MY BEST SPECULATION ON THIS TEXT: My best assessment for the text, since it clearly is attempting to represent fraudulent redating, is that perhaps the Jews were involved with creating this text and sabbotaged it by manipulating the month, changing it from 7 and 8 to 6 and 7. Jewish cryptic reference often use apparent "errors" in connection with a cryptic reference. Both the VAT4956 and the SK400 can be considered as anti-revision texts since they double-date back to the original chronology in some way. The mistading of the Saturn7 text invalidates it as a legitimate text, though it is clear it's initial purpose was for redating of the Neo-Babylonian Period. This confirms as well, it was created during the Seleucid Period. The style of writing for older texts and the revised newer ones is thus a key factor in confirming that they are revisionist documents.

    Of note, once it was clear the VAT4956 was going to be problematic, partly because of the double-dating to 511 BCE and partly because it is clear original translators Sachs and Hunger deliberately misrepresented what was in line 18 of the text, a shift to using the Saturn text for dating seems to be occurring. It should have been just a straightforward revisionist text representing the new chronology, but the misdating by a month raises suspicions of its authenticity. The only reason why it would have been misdated by a month would be if some interest were trying to subvert the revisionism. The nature of this kind of "error" suggests Jewish counter-intelligence at work.

    Otherwise, it's a misdated text without explanation. ???? Like the VAT4956 and the SK400, though, the Saturn text just seems like a clevery sabbotaged text. It certainly is not an original or legitimate text with the wrong astronomical information. As a result the Saturn text is out of the loop for verifying or contradicting any kind of chronology and sort of confirms the text contains false dating information.

    JCanon

  • JCanon
    JCanon

    Thanks, again, Alleymom for the calendar of months, but just for some "trivia" there is a potential issue that now arises because of 541 BCE.

    545 = 8 April
    544 = 28 March
    543 = 16 April
    542 = 5 April
    541 = 25 March540 = 13 April
    539 = 3 April

    Per this list, the first month of the year began on March 25th. The vernal equinox fell on the 26th. Problem is, the theory behind the SK400 is that the precise lunar times for the two eclipses mentioned belong to 541 BCE. That is, the SK400 mentions two eclipses, one occurring 3:20 after night and the other occurring 5 hours before morning. "Morning" and "night" are offsets for division of the night used by the Babylonians. Fortunately we can calculate this quite precisely thanks to none other than PTOLEMY. That's because Ptolemy gives us the precise time for this first eclipse which is "one hour before midnight." That means the offset is exactly 32 minutes.

    For instance, sunset occurred at 7:09 p.m. The offset to "night" beginning 32 minutes after sunset would be 7:41. Then the eclipse happens 3 hours and 20 minutes after that which is 10:61, which is 11:01. Rounded to the closest 4 minutes this is "one hour before midnight." The second eclipse is 5 hours before morning. Sunrise was at 7:19 a.m. which is 6:79 from which we subtract 32 minutes which gives us 6:47 a.m. We then subtract 5 hours to get the time of the eclipse which is 1:47. We can now calcualte the precise interval between these two eclipses. Since the first one was one hour before midnight, we just add an hour to 1:47 to make it 2:47. To be more specific thought, since it was 11:01 and thus 59 minutes we can adjust that to 2:46.

    The 523 BCE eclipses are 4:46 apart. So there is a mismatch, but these eclipses occur in an 18-year-11-day cycle, so in 541 BCE when we test the interval it turns out to be exactly 2:46! This makes a cryptic reference to the original chronology because the context is "year 7" of Kambyses. Year 7 of Kambyses would not have occurred in 541 BCE, but year 7 of Nebuchadnezzar would have. LIke I said, the nature of these encryptions suggest Jewish involvement since the rule of Nebuchadnezzar in particular is well documented in the Bible.

    At any rate, to get to the point of the earlier dating, for the eclipses to occur in the months of Tammuz and Tebet as the text indicates and which does occur in those months in 523 BCE, this would have to be a year that likewise starts after the vernal equinox, and not before. This is especially true if this in fact was the original reference times for these eclipses. Therefore, besides the Saturn text and numerous other texts attempting to redate the NB Period, it would seem there was some reason to manipulate the months of the year from their original times, beginning some years earlier when the likely custom was to always date the year after the spring equinox. The SK400 vs the new intercalary month list suggest that the surviving calendar has also been manipulated and altered.

    Of course, dating year 7 of Nebuchadnezzar to 541 BCE is the precise dating you get when the VAT4956 double-dates year 37 of Nebuchadnezzar to 511 BCE. With the invalidation of the Saturn text because of misdating, and the double-dating in the SK400 and VAT4956, the Bible's chronology that dates the 1st of Cyrus to 455 BCE is quite well established and unchallenged by any valid astronomical text reference.

    JCanon

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