Two endings for book of Mark - Proof of editing in later years?

by gaiagirl 12 Replies latest watchtower bible

  • gaiagirl
    gaiagirl

    I recall that the NWT used to have both a "short" and a "long" ending to the book of Mark. Apparantly, by the time of the oldest existing manuscripts, (a century or two after the time of first writing if I recall), more than one version had already come into being, and were being used by Christian congregations, and these are what have come down to us today. Now, in the 21st century, the WTBTS is unsure which ending (if either) is the correct one, so they hedge and offer BOTH in their printed Bibles.

    Does this not constitute evidence that the books of the Bible were heavily edited from their original form even in the early centuries?

  • lovelylil
    lovelylil

    gaia,

    Some of the Bible books have been shown to be "edited" somewhat to make the material more suited for a particular audience. Most Christians who realize this are not very concerned by it because we recognize that these "edits" do not substantially altar the bible in any way. In other words, the message being conveyed is the same but it is delivered in a slightly different way.

    Peace, Lilly

  • DoomVoyager
    DoomVoyager

    The alternate (long) account contradicts the other gospels on so many points it isn't even funny.

    http://www.skepticsannotatedbible.com/mk/16.html

  • slimboyfat
    slimboyfat

    Indeed, I read an interesting theory about this. The end of Mark was lost at a very early stage (pages came loose in the original/very early codex copy) so that is why it has an abrupt ending. Both the short and the long endings are later attempts to bring the story to a conclusion by someone other than the original author.

    On top of that it stands to reason that if the end of the gospel was lost because pages came loose, then likely the corresponding first pages of the codex would have been lost also. If that is the case then it would provide a neat explanation for the fact that Mark is the only synoptic gospel lacking a nativity story.

    Even if you are not convinced by that intriguing theory, I would agree with you it is fair to say that the uncertaintly surrounding the ending of Mark does indicate that there are serious questions about the fidelity of the text that has come down to us. A basic and very engaging introduction to the problems of textual criticism of thr Bible can be found in Bart Ehrman's recent book:

    http://www.amazon.com/Misquoting-Jesus-Story-Behind-Changed/dp/0060859512/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1204910762&sr=1-4

    More detailed and fascinating books around the subject include this earlier one by Ehrman:

    http://www.amazon.com/Orthodox-Corruption-Scripture-Christological-Controversies/dp/0195102797/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1204910825&sr=1-1

    and the best in my view:

    http://www.amazon.com/First-New-Testament-David-Trobisch/dp/0195112407/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1204910860&sr=1-1

    Slim

  • Leolaia
    Leolaia

    There are more than two endings. I think, if I remember correctly, the total number is 4 or 5. The longer ending, according to one manuscript, was written by Aristion the Elder, who apparently was the same person known to Papias of Hierapolis (who wrote c. 130) as a major source of oral traditions about Jesus and the apostles. There is also the Freer Logion, which appears in one MS and which was reported by one of the church fathers.

    The gospel otherwise ends at v. 8 in mid-sentence, and at a crucial narrative moment -- leaving certain expectations in the narrative unfulfilled. A resurrection appearance in Galilee is hinted in v. 7 and earlier in 14:28, but no such apperance is related -- indeed, the risen Jesus is never seen at all in this gospel. Instead it ends on an odd note of the women being seized by fear and unable to relate their discovery of the empty tomb. However, such an appearance in Galilee is related in the appendix to the gospel of John, in ch. 21. If the ending of Mark was mutilated, then it possibly ended with a story like this. But what is striking about this story is that it is closely parallel to the miracle story in Luke 5:1-11. And that story concerned the initial call of Peter, Andrew, and the sons of Zebedee. In the gospel of Mark, the parallel to this story is in the very first chapter, 1:16-20. So the mutilation of the gospel, if this is what took place, had a very interesting effect. The reader expects to find a resurrection appearance of Jesus in Galilee. But this story is missing. In order to find Jesus appearing in Galilee, the reader has to go back to the very beginning of the story where Jesus is baptized and then appears in Galilee to Peter, Andrew, and the sons of Zebedee (ch. 1). In other words, there is a circularity in the narrative that seems to have a theological basis. The circularity hinges on the equivalence of baptism with death/resurrection. This is explicitly stated as such in ch. 10. Jesus asks the sons of Zebedee if they could drink the cup he must drink "or be baptized with the baptism with which I must be baptized" (10:39). So just prior to his death, Jesus speaks about receiving a "baptism" through martyrdom. This again encourages the reader to connect Jesus death and resurrection with the baptism related in ch. 1, which immediately is followed by Jesus' initial meetings of his disciples in Galilee. This connection between baptism and death is also part of Pauline theology:

    "You have been taught that when we were baptized in Christ Jesus we were baptized in his death; in other words, when we were baptized we went in the tomb with him and joined him in death, so that as Christ was raised from the dead by the Father's glory, we too might live a new life. If in union with Christ we have imitated his death, we shall also imitate him in his resurrection" (Romans 6:2-5).

    BTW, there are a few other signs of mutilation and/or redaction in the book. This is especially clear if you compare the present text of Mark with the text reproduced by Matthew and Luke, who seem to have used an earlier verison of it. Check out also 1:1-4, 10:46, 14:51-52, and a few other places where there seem to be signs of redaction, or where there are unusual narrative features.

  • WTWizard
    WTWizard

    So much for the Bible's being preserved intact for us by God.

  • CyrusThePersian
    CyrusThePersian

    Another school of thought is that Mark's abrupt ending was intentional.

    All through the book, Jesus' disciples are portayed as lacking understanding and frankly, a bit dense. They could never understand what Jesus meant by his need to die and be resurrected, all the way to the end of the book. But Mark's readers do understand because Mark explains it to them. Mark shows Jesus as being misunderstood by his followers and then his followers not knowing what to do after his death, even depicting the women as fleeing from the tomb and telling nobody anything.

    CyrusThePersian

  • gaiagirl
    gaiagirl

    Clearly, Mark would have written it one way, not with alternate endings. No other book in the Bible has alternate endings. So even if the "short" ending was intentional, only one version can be the original (ahem) "inspired" version. Therefore, the "other" must be a later edit, containing "un-inspired" material. Alternatively, neither version could be inspired, with the "inspired" original being simply lost.

  • peacefulpete
    peacefulpete

    Another theory is here discussed: John 21 the ending of Mark?

    And hello to all, that is if anyone is reading this old thread.

  • Pistoff
    Pistoff

    The discussion of Mark doesn't even scratch the surface.

    How the "bible" got to us in it's form today is a wonderful story, but not one that will inspire faith in a spirit directed process.

    Suggested reading: Gnostic Gospels, Elaine Pagels; Letters of Paul, Conversations in Context, Calvin Roetzel.

    IMO, the books included in the NT are the ones that would create appeal to the largest number of people, and at the same time create the illusion of God and Jesus' authorship of
    the basis for congregation structure and government.

    The idea that witnesses are fed about the unanimity of the early Christians is completely false. History suggests that Christianity was fractured from the very start.

Share this

Google+
Pinterest
Reddit