This is changing, even for professionals. I am a lawyer. The large firms in major cities spend a fortune recruiting students. I stayed in NY. My classmates visited friends all over the place and charged it a local firm. The idea that a law student would ever pay to travel to an interview was unthinkable, even grotesque. You were wined and dined. The financial crisis changed this. Now, you pay your way. Wining and dining still takes place but it is minimal compared to the grandiose former manner. Law students made today's equivalent of $250,000. out of school. No more. There are no positions open at the large firms. The better ones still want quality lawyers. This deal was worked out. Students can choose a public interest law firm of their choice. The firm will subsidize it at one third the salary they would earn if positions were open. There is no promise a position will ever open.
This is a radically different world. I share your concern. Right now I am in PA, which I hate. My goal is Manhattan or DC, for federal jobs. Theoretically, I could commute from PA to NY. Other lawyers are doing so on a regular basis. NY pays more and PA is much more affordable for housing. I believe if I did this commute for more than two weeks, I'd have a break down. Washington, DC is the hard one. I pray to get a job with the Justice Department. I worked for the US Senate years ago and have some feel for neighborhoods. I know Manhattan so well it is ridiculous. Walking around blind would be feasible.
The problem with housing in great cities is that everyone else is also interested. The best housing is done by word of mouth. It takes a lot of networking. I'd visit coffeehouses, universities, certain types of restaurants, book stores. I expect to travel back and forth. The federal government does not pay for this. One time NY firms arranged housing for students with partners. A long time ago. There are brokers and some buildings have walk in leasing. I shocked myself when I found a very eloquent, award winning apt in NY this way. If a place is hot, I wonder why the apt is being advertised.
On the other hand, I live outside Philadelphia. My sister lives in town. She picked up an apartment book from the local grocery store. I called the leasing agents for the apartments I felt were feasible. Only one place returned an out of town call. I moved in a while ago. The place is pleasant. No atmosphere but I need NY or Paris or London atmosphere.
If you hear of any ways, please post so that I may use the knowledge, too. I find it scary but also a bit of adventure.