Archaeology for the period in question can coincide with a more literal understanding of the Scriptures.
Please read these articles to find out how one scholar does it:
http://www.auss.info/auss_publication_file.php?pub_id=755&journal=1&type=pdf
http://www.auss.info/auss_publication_file.php?pub_id=762&journal=1&type=pdf
From the second article, p. 299
5. Conclusion
This article and its predecessor have entailed a search for a better understanding of the seventy-year prophecy in Jeremiah. The evidence, I believe, demonstrates first of all that literal interpretation of the seventy years is not incompatible with an understanding of either the relevant biblical texts (Jer 25:11-12, Jer 29:10, 2 Chr 36:20b-21, and Dan 9:2 ) or the historical data. In the first article I showed that these biblical texts do not necessitate a symbolic application of the seventy years and that at the same time they allow for a primary reference to Babylon. In the present article I have set forth evidence suggesting that the defeat (or, withdrawal) of Assur-uballit I1 of Assyria and the Assyrian-Egyptian forces at Haran at the hands of the Babylonians constitutes a viable event for the terminus a quo of the seventy years in the summer of 609 B.C. This correlates well with a terminus ad quem for those seventy years in 539 B.C.