In light of the Candice Conti civil trial against the WTBS and the pro-Jehovah's Witness/Apologist comments posted on various news websites, I thought I would give a simplified explanaition of what is involved in appealing the outcome of a trial in the courts of the United States.
A trial, whether criminal or civil, usually ends with a verdict rendered by a jury. In a criminal case the verdict is Guilty or Not Guilty. That same jury may decide the punishment in the event of a Guilty verdict.
In a civil case a jury must decide based on the evidence whether the Defendant is guilty of damaging the plaintiff. As in a criminal case, the jury may also decide what damages the Defendant must pay the Plaintiff and, depending on the case, whether or not the Defendant must pay any punitive damages. Punitive damages are usually ordered in cases where the Plaintiff proved malice on the part of the Defendant. That is to say, the Defendant did what they were accused of and that they knew it was wrong.
An Appeal is a request by the losing party in a case to a higher court for the purpose of having the lower court's decision overturned. The end result comes in one of three possibilities: 1) the higher court grants the Appeal and the decision is reversed and the case is disposed of or 2) the higher court grants the Appeal and a new trial is ordered or 3) the higher court denies the Appeal.
Appeals are usually based on the law and not on the facts of the case. A Judge is the judge of the law and the jury is the judge of the facts of a case. Appeals are usually based on the claim that the judge presiding over the case either sustained or overruled one of the party's objections in regards to evidence being admitted. Evidence either being witness testimony or exhibits.
The bottomline is this: An Appeal is basically the losing party complaining to a higher court that the jury would have ruled in their favor if the judge had either prohibitted certain evidence from being admitted or had allowed evidence to be admitted in accordance with statutory law or case law.
An Appeal is not a higher court ruling Guilt or innocence based on the facts of the case. Usually...