I submit that Paul was arguing in the context of what people believe IN THOSE DAYS. I think that he would have debated, much like we do, atheism, evolution, scientific process, etc... just as we do today.
In Paul's day, evolution was not even dreamed about. I'm not using this as an argument against evolution or atheism. I'm saying that Paul would have been very involved with what evolutionists are proposing today and would have gotten deep into the debate, like many others of us that do profess belief in an intelligent designer do today.
Just a thought...