This boat arrival sub-thread, is like a tennis match.
If you wish to settle it? Here's the Parliamentary report on the topic:
http://www.aph.gov.au/about_parliament/parliamentary_departments/parliamentary_library/pubs/bn/2012-2013/boatarrivals
At the end, there's a chart of boat arrival numbers since 1976.
It does not however, speculate on the causes of fluctuation in arrivals. I noted that one of the points in this ongoing discussion concerned an increase (at one point) in refugees from Sri Lanka, since it was after the end of the civil war, one party in the debate wished to argue that the surge was not the result of war. It was apparently (or, may have been) caused by abusive behaviour on the part of the victorious Sinhalese over the defeated Tamil (tigers), after the civil war ended.
The two populations have always existed in Sri Llanka, and may have been separate states. After colonisation by the British it was ruled as one state with India. The British liked that divided ethnicity situation - an extension of the old, 'divide and rule' policy. So if you want to lay blame for Australia's refugee problem, blame the poms! (grin)
If we examine so many of the hot-spots in the world we will find that they are the result of problems introduced by European colonisation. (Argue that if anyone wishes).
The above report notes that:
The UNHCR Regional Representative for Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific, Richard Towle, has pointed out in the past that further destabilisation of countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq and Sri Lanka, would inevitably lead to more people seeking asylum in our region regardless of national border protection policies or changes to migration legislation.[13] More recently, Towle has argued that this continues to be the case: … the higher number of people taking dangerous and exploitative sea journeys is a symptom of the grave human insecurity that refugees face at home and the risks they are compelled to take to find safety for their families. It is no coincidence that most boat people come from Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran and Sri Lanka - places that are suffering, or have recently emerged, from long periods of serious human insecurity.[14]
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Getting a balanced view on the gravity of Australia's problem visavis the world problem, the report states:
In 2009 the figures were even higher: At the end of 2009, some 43.3 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced due to conflict and persecution, the highest number since the mid-1990s. This included 15.2 million refugees, 27.1 million IDPs and close to 1 million individuals whose asylum application had not yet been adjudicated by the end of the reporting period. The total number of refugees and IDPs under UNHCR’s care remained high, standing at 26 million by end-year. While the number of refugees remained relatively stable at 10.4 million, the number of IDPs protected or assisted by UNHCR rose to an unprecedented 15.6 million.[10]
By the end of 2011, for the fifth consecutive year, the number of forcibly displaced people worldwide still exceeded 42 million.[11]The number of asylum applications in 2011 was also the highest for almost a decade: An estimated 441 300 asylum applications were registered in 2011 in the 44 countries included in this report, some 73 300 claims or 20 per cent more than in 2010 (368 000).The 2011 level is the highest since 2003 when 505 000 asylum applications were lodged in the industrialized countries.[12] |
And to contrast Australia's problem in contrast to other nations, another section in that long report above is worth posting.
In the case of Australia, concerns over ‘unauthorised’ boat arrivals or ‘boat people’ (also referred to as ‘irregular maritime arrivals’) have occupied successive governments since the 1970s. However, many argue that the number of boat arrivals in Australia is very small in comparison to the significant flows of ‘unauthorised’ arrivals in other parts of the world over the last few decades.[15] In the US, for example, it is estimated that more than 500 000 ‘illegal aliens’ arrive each year.[16] Similarly, parts of Europe struggle to monitor and control the large influxes from Africa and the Middle East each year.[17] In 2011 in Italy alone there were over 61 000 irregular arrivals by sea from North Africa, Greece and Turkey.[18] In previous peak boat arrival years of the 1970s and 1999–2001, asylum seeker arrival numbers in Australia were very small compared to other destination countries. In 2000, for example, when approximately 3000 ‘boat people’ arrived in Australia, Iran and Pakistan each hosted over a million Afghan refugees. More recently, in 2011 (when there were 4565 boat arrivals in Australia) Pakistan hosted 1.7 million and Iran hosted 886 500 refugees.[19] So, while there have been significant increases in the number of unauthorised boat arrivals in Australia (and Europe) in recent years, in fact, the burden of assisting the world’s asylum seekers mostly falls to some of the world’s poorest countries.[20] |