Frazzled: I am not sure this thread is actually about the Philosophy of Science as opposed to Scientific Method.
That's the point. They are not separate. It sounds like you didn't read my OP too carefully. Although people use the term loosely, there is really no such thing as "the scientific method." There IS a methodology or approach to attempting to understand things that is scientific. There are a variety of ways to approach this and try to answer questions and solve problems.
FUBM: The Philosophy of Science is about scietific (sic) knowledge and truth - what is scientific knowledge and how does it relate to truth?
Exactly to the first part and "What do you mean by that?" to the second part! Scientific knowledge is supposed to be based on things that are true. Admittedly, it doesn't always work out that way, which is part of the fun!
FUBM: HOw does cscientific (sic) method deal with uncertainty and inconsistency?
Are you asking because you don't know? It's hard to know how to answer your questions without knowing your knowledge base and reason for asking.
I would think it would be obvious that a well designed experiment (or other means of scientific investigation appropriate to the subject at hand) deliberately attempts to eliminate or at least reduce uncertainty and inconsistency.
FUBM: Has scientific knowledge advanced in a linear way or does it lurch from one paradigm to another with scientific research trapped within the bounds of the current paradigm.
Again, It's hard to know how to answer your questions without knowing your knowledge base and reason for asking. The answer to the first part of your problem is clearly "No" and to the second part, "Yes."
FUBM: do you know what Popperian falsification theory is? Have read or heard of Thomas Kuhn?
Of course! Why do you ask?
You ask a lot of really good questions. I'd like to redirect you to the Philosophy of Science website referenced in my OP:
The Understanding Science site was produced by the UC Museum of Paleontology of the University of California at Berkeley, in collaboration with a diverse group of scientists and teachers, and was funded by the National Science Foundation. It is a great starting place for anyone wanting a more rigorous discussion of the basics.
Spend some time there and then you'll be in a better position to contribute to this thread.
Oubliette