sd 7, if you can find me such a picture, I will definitely install it as my avatar.
99.9% Of a People Who Believe In Evolution Don't Understand It.
by Space Madness 89 Replies latest jw friends
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snare&racket
SM i have in fact written a paper on the evolution of bacteria, but to steer AWAY from you thinking this is a debate between me and you and back to it being you v the evidence, how about a layman explanation from the journal Nature.
That quote you just added to your last reply (sneaky) does not confirm what you said, once again you have miunderstood the text, see if you can spot the difference now..
You: "If no bacteria is resistant prior to the creation of the antibiotic then all the bacteria would be destroyed"
Your Textbook quote: "antibiotic resistance before exposure to the drug."
Antibiotic Resistance, Mutation Rates and MRSA
By: Leslie Pray, Ph.D. © 2008 Nature Education Citation: Pray, L. (2008) Antibiotic resistance, mutation rates and MRSA.
Suppose another student who had walked into the building just minutes beforehand had left the organism there, after grabbing hold of the same doorknob. Now imagine that you have an open cut on your finger, and some of the bacteria that are on that doorknob get into your wound. Although this seems like a minor event, it could actually have great repercussions for your overall health.
Mutation Rates and Bacterial Growth
Even if only a single S. aureus cell were to make its way into your wound, it would take only 10 generations for that single cell to grow into a colony of more than 1,000 (2 10 = 1,024), and just 10 more generations for it to erupt into a colony of more than 1 million (2 20 = 1,048,576). For a bacterium that divides about every half hour (which is how quickly S. aureus can grow in optimal conditions), that is a lot of bacteria in less than 12 hours. S. aureushas about 2.8 million nucleotide base pairs in its genome. At a rate of, say, 10 -10 mutations per nucleotide base, that amounts to nearly 300 mutations in that population of bacteria within 10 hours!
To better understand the impact of this situation, think of it this way: With a genome size of 2.8 × 10 6 and a mutation rate of 1 mutation per 10 10 base pairs, it would take a single bacterium 30 hours to grow into a population in which every single base pair in the genome will have mutated not once, but 30 times! Thus, any individual mutation that could theoretically occur in the bacteria will have occurred somewhere in that population—in just over a day.
Mutations, Antibiotic Resistance, and Staph Infections
Now, say that a few days after your initial infection with S. aureus, you decide to go to the local health center to have your wound examined. Maybe your finger is not healing as quickly as you had expected. Maybe its red color is a bit worrisome. Maybe the wound is starting to ooze a bit. Maybe you vaguely recall hearing or reading something about some kind of bacterial infection that is popping up on college campuses across the country and landing some students in the hospital. Concerned that your wound might be infected, the physician at the health center decides to prescribe an antibiotic.
Under a best-case scenario, the prescribed antibiotic would kill all of the replicating S. aureus cells in your body, mutant or otherwise, and your wound would quickly heal. After all, the potency of antibiotic treatment is why, when penicillin entered medical care in the 1940s, it was deemed a "miracledrug." Penicillin and other antibiotics have saved countless lives for more than half a century. Under a different scenario, however, any one of those mutations could give your S. aureus infection the ability to resist the particular drug you are being treated with. Luckily, in the real world, usually more than one mutation is required to generate drug resistance, and bacteria cannot double quite so quickly inside a person with a functioning immune system. But the problem still remains: The rapid division of bacterial cells causes them to evolve resistance to most treatments rather quickly.
Thus, although you are on antibiotics and you are otherwise healthy, a total of 600 mutations have accumulated by the time you go to bed that night. Any one of those mutations could give your staph infection the capacity to continue replicating, even in the presence of the antibiotic. All it takes is a single mutated S. aureus—one that, through one of a number of innovative biochemical means, does not die in the presence of whatever antibiotic the physician decided to prescribe—to render that antibiotic useless (at least for this particular infection). Moreover, when that mutant cell replicates, it will pass on its resistant phenotype to its daughter cells, and they to theirs. Thus, a rapidly growing proportion of the replicating bacteria still present in your body will be drug resistant. This is because the drug will kill only those cells that do not have the newly evolved drug-resistance capacity. Thus, the entire bacterial population will eventually become resistant to the prescribed antibiotic. When that happens, your infection will be said to be antibiotic resistant, and your physician will have to prescribe a different drug to combat it.
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zed is dead
100 percent of people that beleive in creation do not understand it.
zed
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snare&racket
You are welcome x
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sparrowdown
Is it necessary to have 100% understanding of evolution to believe it?
I didn't think scientists had 100% agreement on every aspect of evolution,
so it would be unrealistic to expect a layman to understand.
There are many things I don't fully understand, but that does'nt stop me from "believing".
One thing being in WTLand taught me is that there is a huge difference between knowledge and understanding.
I have limited knowledge of evolution but I don't understand it.
I will gladly fess up to that.
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kaik
SM, again I used your exact words and I agree with snare&racket on his responses. There is no agenda in evolution. YOU, only YOU had claimed that "but it is not due to animals adapting to the environment, which is impossible". Of course this is not true. All species are adapting into environment because environment is not stable and does not remain constant. Addionally your fallacy reasoning lies with idea that mutation in DNA is driven by command . DNA does mutates, often due external enviromental impulses like UV. You attempted to say that entire species will mutate with one biogenesis of the exposure and you had associated with somatic mutuation. My point was that drastic change of the ozone layer 10mil years ago which lasted for 100,000 had seen many generations of various species exposed to highlighted UV radiation. One generation after the another, where each subsequent biogenesis were exposed and the offspring had either died or adapt. Parent to child to grandchild(s) were all exposed and offspring whose DNA was less suspectible to UV light survived.
Evolution is taught in all world's leading universities and accepted by all mainstream religions including Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish, and Protestant churchses. Only the most extreme christian denominations that originated in USA and represent the most reactionary religion in modern era insist otherwise.
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GLTirebiter
Antobiotic resistant bacteria arose the same way that corn with over-sized ears full of intensely sweet kernels did, the same way pure-bred cattle did: by selective pressure. Farmers saved the seeds from and cross-pollinated the plants that produced superior crops. Herders let the best bulls and mik cows breed, and sent the others to the butcher. Antibiotics "cull the herd" of less-resistant bacteria, allowing the more resistant ones to thrive. It's another variation of something that has been known since the dawn of agriculture.
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hamsterbait
99% of the population are unable to think clearly about anything. That is why America is turning into a police state with a huge underclass of have nots before our very eyes.
AND they can be moved to vote against their own interests at every election. Or don't care.
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Ruby456
here is a thread that has a similar theme to what space madness is talking about and I am pasting a link in case anyone finds it helpful. (cofty I have to attend to my vestibular migraine that is threatening so I cannot answer your question just now but the op in the link may help).
All of the following misconceptions and responses are via Understanding Evolution, a project to bring a true understanding of evolutionary theory to the public by the University of California at Berkeley. You can also find this post for later reference at the top of every SBL page under the drop-down menu for “RESOURCES”.
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Focus
100 percent of people that beleive in creation do not understand it.
Yes.
"Faith is believing in what you know ain't so."
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Focus
("Rational" Class)