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В.П.Белянин VP Belyanin
Комплексное экспертное заключение Comprehensive Opinion
по гражданскому делу 2-452/99 in a civil case 2-452/99
(Головинский межмуниципальный суд САО г. Москвы) (Golovinski District Court of the SAO, Moscow)
г. Москва, 4 октября 2000 г. Moscow, October 4, 2000
. We, the undersigned, VP Belyanin, MM Gromyko, DA Leontiev, SA Nebolsin designated definition Golovinsky Intermunicipal Court on March 12, 1999 for a comprehensive examination of the case 2-452/99 (presentation Attorney of the Northern Administrative District of Moscow on the elimination and prohibition of a religious community of Jehovah's Witnesses), being aware of the court of criminal liability under Article 307 of the Criminal Code, were of this opinion, set out below on 16 sheets.
I: In formulating conclusions, the following expert steps:
1) study the case materials 2-452/99;
2linguistic, psycholinguistic, literary analysis presented to the examination of texts of a religious community of Jehovah's Witnesses;
3) The religious analysis presented to the examination of texts of the community of Jehovah's Witnesses, the findings of which form the basis of the proposed conclusions (Section II), as well as additional considerations (Section III) account for the complex multidimensional nature of the investigated object. II Submissions by experts 2-452/99 case suggests that the questions formulated by the court
1. Does the literature and documents of the Jehovah's Witnesses signs
a) inciting religious hatred (the undermining of respect and hostility towards other religions)
b) the compulsion to destroy the family,
c) outrages upon individual rights and freedoms of citizens,
2. Are subject to study the texts of literature and documents outlining the Jehovah's Witnesses, which is commonly used in worship place issues entrusted to experts the complex textual analysis in the context of:
a) the existing regulations of the Russian Federation on the freedom of conscience, worship and religious associations
b) the modalities of the leading (and designated in the Law of the Russian Federation) faiths of Russia
c) the specific practices of the religious community of Jehovah's Witnesses, introducing her to the relations with other religions, social institutions and the general population as a whole.
В In addition to the issues raised by the court experts on the basis of Article 77 of the RF CCP saw fit to include in the discussion of an additional question:
3. Soderzhitsya whether the test material encouraging citizens to refuse to fulfill their civic duties prescribed by law.
Thus, the proposed experts to review the case file together with the questions put before experts as linguistic and literary and Teaching Religion plan requires consideration of publishing the Jehovah's Witnesses and some of its elements in a content-connected union of two context dimensions. Namely: every single meaningful unit in terms of the studied texts Jehovah's Witness receives and distributes its meaning in juxtaposition with a holistic capacity of these texts and the social field of their operation. Aimed at clarifying this functional (social) issues of relatedness to the experts presented in the plan valid and relevant professional profile members of the expert group. General scientific principles, methodology content analysis of texts is also obliged to take into account their address and make sense of their functional installation and concrete meaning as in face and in the broader context.
Experts do not consider it necessary to repeat all the circumstances of the case, referred to in the preceding considerations, and known to the court. The experts decided to focus on those aspects of the problems that are directly within their jurisdiction and for the essence of the issues raised.
I). Linguistic, psycholinguistic, literary analysis presented to the examination of texts of Jehovah's Witnesses can take them to the type of full-scale, integrated, holistic, single-scale compositional statements deliberately endowed with the function of informing, ideological teachings and the regulation of social behavior of recipients. Range of people, destined to the perception of information, the ideological discourses and social-activity-related facilities contained in the texts of the Jehovah's Witnesses, are:
1. Activists community of Jehovah's Witnesses;
2. involved in the community of Jehovah's Witnesses are ordinary members of the association;
3. persons subject to the involvement of the community.
While (1) refers to community activists in the texts of the Jehovah's Witnesses as those liable to systematize and ideologically to focus their organizing activities, not only to preach the doctrine, but also to control the behavior of believers, (2) involved in the community with his rank and file members get through the texts of the Jehovah's Witnesses prescription become more responsible and disciplinary activism community, (3) subject to the involvement of the community, through the texts of books and their interpretations are given to believe that in modern society and contemporary historical, moral, cultural circumstances and religious significance in modern social atmosphere join Witnesses Jehovah is the only choice for a wholesome personality.
Subjected to the examination of texts of the Jehovah's Witnesses offer some way interpreted picture of the modern world, taken for consideration in its moral, social, religious, political and legal aspects. Organization of the text corresponds to the known laws of science and technology advertising and promotional exposure.
Linguistic, psycholinguistic, and literary analysis of texts community of Jehovah's Witnesses can review their information, the ideological and didactic, disciplinary-prescriptive and suggestive-motivational aspects as purposeful, systematically conducted suggestion of a specific and uniform set of attitudes and predispositions. This text edification of Jehovah's Witnesses is crucial for a meaningful analysis of certain aspects of these texts from the perspective of the issues put before the experts.
Analysis of the texts of Jehovah's Witnesses identify them the following common properties. Subjects texts systematically carried out a sustained theme: humanity and every individual threatens the powerful enemy of good - Satan. It intrigues, engages people in sin, leading mankind to the death and torture, in the near future the day will come the final battle - Armageddon.
Mankind will suffer "great tribulation" - famine, pestilence, war, natural disasters, the only salvation for the people - turning to God, namely, the deity of Jehovah, who will destroy Satan and his minions, all the servants of evil, all non-members of the community, "Witnesses" and after the Armageddon survivors waiting happiness in the kingdom of Jehovah, inhabitants of the earth will be subject to equitable heavenly government;
Thus dominated by themes of the destruction of the infidels will of the people and the forces of Jehovah's Witnesses and salvation only those who 'adherence to the "Witnesses" avoid shocks, tortures and deaths. This injection creates the mood of fear, ominous tones which aggravated multiple descriptions of the human disasters in general - past, present and future.
Psychological and ideological consciousness of this motif directs the receiver to close a hypnotic stupor in front of a fatal course of events. At the same time it prepares the mind perceiving the motive to the activities in the mode of catastrophically-war, siege, destsiplinarno-organized resistance and offensive.
Emotionally dominant semantic analysis of texts proposed to form a saturated vocabulary "sad" and "dark" mood. Auto shortchanging with export psycholinguistic computer program "Baal" shows the following. 22 %. "Light" lexicon (God, faith, apostle, soul, humanity, the universe, the confidence, the true value, equity) is in the texts of the Jehovah's Witnesses to 22%. "Sad" and "dark" vocabulary (violence, corruption, destruction, suffering, persecution, dying, slavery, hunger, cold, intrigues, lies, slander) is also up to 22%, which is a critical value, builds the context of all printed materials " witnesses "as depressing, inspiring vision of the world as anti-humane system of things, forcing anxiety, fear, suspicion and bitterness.
Readability of Jehovah's Witnesses as a whole ensures the formation of their audiences: a) a sense of impotence, passively waiting for life-saving instructions, and b) willingness to nervous-inflated identification parade in the world and the people of his notorious enemies with a disposition to aggressive and embittered opposition to them.
II). The foregoing disposition differs significantly from the key embedded in the common Christian category of "fear of God." Standing out against the backdrop of these other religions, the texts of the Jehovah's Witnesses particularly exploit the motive of terror before the coming end. Fanning fear a persistent recurrence of the eschatological views (end of the world, etc.) accompanied by traditional and canonical biblical emphasis. The total abundance in the texts of quotations from authoritative sources (precedent) is giving the publications of Jehovah's Witnesses and the greatest weight at the same time removes the need for additional treatment to the primary sources.. In this regard, the distortion of the original meaning of the quoted is particularly significant. Separation quotes from their context and their significant reduction of distorting disorient the receiver to understand and religious tradition and modern reality.
Thus, life-affirming Psalm 148 appears in the publication of "The Place of the youth in God's order is" equipped "depressive-dark" insert:
We are now living under the oppression of an evil system
, one that will soon turn to dust and ashes,
All the force necessary to deal with it to us.
Taking into account the social connotations of the word "system", a reconstruction of the scripture promotes the formation of unfriendly disposition to all social whole. This, in particular, is directed and organized and ordered measurement in the social order. This setup is carried out in the texts of the Jehovah's Witnesses everywhere, as "an organized human community under the leadership of Satan, the devil is truly evil and depraved" ("You can live forever in paradise on earth", s.210, 212); "therefore does not impose hope to any human programs on peace and security and do not think that the world stands in the way of solving problems "(Edition of" Does life have meaning? "). Balanced Gospel injunction, "Caesar and God of God," in which worship is in balance with the social state being of individuals, we analyzed text is replaced by watchful hostility towards social, secular, legal institutions. Thus, inherent in these social institutions organizing and imperative function delegated to the institutions of intra-tuned with respect to which the public and secular statutes openly hostile.
Changes in the texts of "witnesses" for several of the psychological concepts that contribute to the reorientation of the civil consciousness of perceiving toward martial law, military confrontation to peace. Psycholinguistic analysis showed that in the texts Witnesses Iegogy "implemented targeted contextually-related changes in the semantic structure of words. Thus, by a shift in the concept of "society", aimed at narrowing the world picture and links to them only within and through the organization of Jehovah's Witnesses. The concept of "family" is superseded in favor of the concept of "community" within the meaning of "members of our organization." The concept of "happiness" is changed to the concept of "service" (goals of our organization).. All this creates a special language with a particular emotional-semantic content, aspiring to the psychological impact on the consciousness of the perceiver, to change his language and non-linguistic world image, the inspiration needed to humble submission discipline narrow community and its hierarchy.
The above requirement is not placed his hopes to any human programs on peace and security and do not think that egot world stands in the way of solving problems "(Edition of" Does life have meaning? ") Deserves further evaluation.
Through such provisions, on the one hand, introduce an indirect ban on constructive thinking on the other hand, it is psychologically perceptive builds a militarized regime organized action "lower ranks" community in a hostile environment, similar in some respects to the conditions of the subversive group, etc. n.
Stylistics of texts "of Jehovah's Witnesses" is full of elements of a peremptory, team colors that maintain the characteristics of the community as an organization, gravitating towards the military-disciplinary type of union members through the charter service, job description, order, command, etc. Edition of "Letter to a candidate for ministry in Bethel," says again: "Do not think you can always come on their own /.../ You'll have to upstage your personal desires and inclinations /.../ to be able to perform charge you a service task. "
Edition of the "Daily parse the message!" (01.07) (1.7) prescribes that in this spirit: "You are willing to leave all of their personal aspirations /.../ you ever give away all my life and all that it turns on, Jehovah God."
According to the teachings of the Witnesses, "/.../ we must be vigilant with respect to the extended contact with worldly people, let it be a neighbor, fellow school employee for work or business partner." с. 188-189). (The Watchtower, 2/15/1994, p.24-25) should be "kept away from the world" (you can live forever in paradise on earth ", pp. 188-189).
State of tense, wary of isolation from worldly life and renunciation of worldly ties achieved in the text using the imperative according to the order "not to think." Accompanied by an order of the words "whole" and "Forever", which most often occur in the speech of people under stress. The same kind of stress is maintained in perceiving texts of Jehovah's Witnesses in the name of alleged religious ideal, but specifically militantnom, forced administrative order.
This allows us to give the texts of the Jehovah's Witnesses following general and detailed description.
As the text, similar in their organization to the promotion and advertising, publications of Jehovah's Witnesses use a variety of ways to manipulate the consciousness of perceiving, narrowing horizons perceiver and orienting it to predefined imaginary fatal choice, either directly or subtly foregone by the organization.
Implemented in the texts of the Jehovah's Witnesses promotional technologies complement disciplinary statutes, where the pressure on the psyche of the perceiver and the restriction of his consciousness is done through job descriptions, schedules of duties and direct orders.
From both commercial and political advertising, and from the official text of the statute of Jehovah's Witnesses differ sharply negative emotional atmosphere created around the philosophical issues. In comparison with advertising, increased tone of fatalistic doom of man in the face of universal evil, in comparison with service charters, increased levels of fear, suggest the possibility of default of instructions, greater emphasis on comprehensive rejection of worldly values, and sensible and Rational utility of duty pushed regulations "do not think and suggestions of perceiving stressful disposition.
Carried out in the texts of the Jehovah's Witnesses, "the idea that this organization is the only one worthy of membership of the society and the only structure with only one worthy of following the rules, gives advocated in the texts of the ideology of the qualities of rivalry with other social and legal institutions. Thus, it is religious organization itself qualifies the organization of the theocratic and totalitarian type, with signs of the sect. Among public institutions, rejected by Jehovah's Witnesses, true Christian church, which has, in the face of Orthodoxy, the Russian Federal Law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations" (September 1997, Preamble) recognizes the historically creative role. Texts as the Jehovah's Witnesses attributed to her role of aiding the satanic forces, destroying mankind. |
