Hi Kramer,
I think it has already been explained in detail by others, but I will summarise again:
(1) Reporting a felony
In some places in the world it is a criminal offence not to report a felony to the Police. In English common law, this offence is called "misprison of felony". What constitutes a felony depends from country to country, but generally it is a serious crime, including fraud, rape, murder etc, but does not include things such as jay-walking (to use your example).
(2) Penitent clergy privilege
Penitent clergy privilege (preventing a priest being cross-examined about what was told to him in a confession) only exists in some countries. It is virtually non-existent outside of USA. Each state of USA has different laws, but in any event the privilege is so narrow it doesn't apply to anything an elder would normally be involved in.
(3) Mandatory reporting of child sex abuse
In many countries it is now mandatory to report any suspicion of child sex abuse, in relation to any child within your care, even if it relates to something potentially happening to a child while not in your care. (This is a simplified summary.) It is a criminal offence not to report.
(4) Reporting minor criminal offences
As far as I am aware, there is no general legal requirement to report a minor criminal offence, in any country.
(5) Assisting Police enquiries
In most countries, if the Police ask you a question, and you give a false answer, you are committing a criminal offence.
(6) Civil liability
All of the preceding matters relate to criminal issues. Separately, an elder or religious organisation can be sued in many countries if they negligently or knowingly allow a pedophile to prey on children within their care.
I hope that clears all of that up.