For
the altruism task, children participated in a version of the 'Dictator
Game,' in which they were given 10 stickers and provided an opportunity
to share them with another unseen child.
Altruism was measured by the average number of stickers shared.
For
the moral sensitivity task, children watched short animations in which
one character pushes or bumps another, either accidentally or
purposefully.
After
seeing each situation, children were asked about how mean the behaviour
was and the amount of punishment the character deserved.
The results
were at odds with the perceptions of religious parents, who were more
likely than non-religious parents to report that their children had a
high degree of empathy and sensitivity to the plight of others.
The
study included 1,170 children between ages 5 and 12, from six
countries—Canada, China, Jordan, South Africa, Turkey and the United
States.
Parents
completed questionnaires about their religious beliefs and practices
and perceptions of their children's empathy and sensitivity to justice.
From the questionnaires, three large groupings were established: Christian, Muslim and not religious.
Children from other religious households did not reach a large enough sample size to be included in additional analyses.
Consistent with previous studies, in general the children were more likely to share as they got older.
But
children from households identifying as Christian and Muslim were
significantly less likely than children from non-religious households to
share their stickers.
The negative
relation between religiosity and altruism grew stronger with age;
children with a longer experience of religion in the household were the
least likely to share.
Children
from religious households favoured stronger punishments for anti-social
behaviour and judged such behaviour more harshly than non-religious
children.
These
results support previous studies of adults, which have found
religiousness is linked with punitive attitudes toward interpersonal
offences.
'Together, these results reveal the similarity across countries in how religion negatively influences children's altruism.
'They
challenge the view that religiosity facilitates prosocial behaviour,
and call into question whether religion is vital for moral
development—suggesting the secularization of moral discourse does not
reduce human kindness. In fact, it does just the opposite,' Decety
said.