“jws”:
“And God went on to make the two great luminaries, the greater luminary for dominating the day and the lesser luminary for dominating the night, and also the stars. Thus God put them in the expanse of the heavens to shine upon the earth . . .” – (Genesis 1:16, 17)
When the Bible says that God “went on to make” the two “luminaries” of the sun and moon and to “put them” in the expanse of the heavens on the “fourth day,” it doesn’t mean to imply that the very beginning of the formation of our sun and moon occurred on the fourth creative day but, rather, that the fourth day included the culmination of the existence of our sun and moon in relation to our earth as would be observable in that specific location and at that time.
The age of our earth is extremely short when compared to that of our solar system and galaxy, not to mention the entire universe. The events – or processes – culminating in the state of our earth and that which occupies it as observable today, being as extremely long as they may appear relative to the human lifespan, are still actually quite astronomically short in comparison to the events/processes involved to complete the formation of the celestial components of our universe.
Thus it is only logical to realize that the formation of our sun, earth, and moon as a star, planet, and satellite (respectively) – the multi-phased ‘creation of the heavens and the earth’ – had already been completed much, much earlier than any of the relatively very recent events/processes pertaining to the life forms on, and certainly the metrological and geological features of, our planet as would be observable by the fourth creative period, or “day.” The creative “days,” or “tasks” of God, in Genesis would obviously happen concurrently; i.e., they would not have to be in series with one absolutely completed before the next could commence.
As regards the moon being considered a “luminary,” I believe that would be a correct term because light does emanate from the moon, and it is irrelevant in this context as to whether or not that light originates from the moon. A “luminary” is something which illuminates, which could be something providing the light by emission or reflection. (The essence is that which is observed here on earth – i.e., light is light!)
“ ‘. . . scientific conclusions about the age of the universe.’ If the bible and science don’t conflict, you’d be talking ‘days’ in the range of >2 billion years/day, not ‘thousands.’ That’s billion with a B.”
You’re absolutely true on that one!
“Exodus 20:11, ‘For in six days Jehovah made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and he began to rest on the seventh day.’ And Exodus 31:17, it says, ‘for in six days Jehovah made the heavens and the earth and on the seventh day he rested and refreshed himself.’ ”
Again, the original Hebrew word (“yohm”) translated “day” has the meaning of a 24‑hour day but also that of a period, or era, with a varying or indeterminate length. And considering the astronomical differences in these two meanings within a literal and scientific context, as outlined above, it would be totally unreasonable and illogical to impose a literal 24‑hour length to the “days” of creation.
Therefore, in this particular regard, I believe that the Watchtower’s position in the March 2014 Awake! to which you referred above would be the logical interpretation. (Although, I personally incline toward what “Billy the Ex-Beth elite” wrote above concerning the book of Genesis itself as a whole: “Genesis is clearly a variety of legends . . .” – i.e., that the rest of that book is not exactly plausible.)