OneeyedJoe: Unless there was something unusual in play here...
What is "unusual in play here" is bloodless surgery.
Bloodless surgery is not as simple as just having the same procedure as everyone else but just flying it solo without a bag of blood. This patient, who had already undergone a bloodless procedure, was unsuitable for a bloodless procedure becuase he had an infection. Infections are a complicating factor that make a bloodless procedure not viable.
...putting the patient under anesthesia presents a greater risk of death than does the refusal of blood.
Exactly. Bloodless surgery is "putting a patient under anesthesia" in ways that are not performed in "regular" surgical procedures. The use of a cell saver and hemodilution procedures are the domain of the anethesiologist, not the surgeon.