I could be wrong but...I think it might be important to understand where this article originates. The story comes from the website "Bitter Winters" which was founded by Massimo Introvigne.
Introvigne also founded CENSUR (one of the abiding principles that CENSUR stands on is that brainwashing does not exist). And that "cults" are just "new religious movements". Introvigne's cronies include James T Richardson (lawyer), who has written supportive papers on the JWs and religious freedom.
I guess what I am saying is that the article comes from a biased position. Neither Introvigne or Richardson will acknowledge that these "new religious movements" abuse the human rights of their members - instead they are more concerned with the rights of the organizations that are in control of their members. Religious freedom, to them, seems to mean that the right of the religious organization comes first.
Introvigne proposes that a cult really isn't a cult unless it violates criminal law.
One of the papers that Introvigne has published is Xie Jiao as “Criminal Religious Movements”: A New Look at Cult. Controversies in China and Around the World (link downloads pdf)
Introvigne has some valuable research that is worth looking at, however, it might be prudent to be aware of his biases when reading his material: https://skent.ualberta.ca/current/massimo/