I am going to start my response with the very end of the essay, which more or less somes up the writers views. (something I believe is important)
Let me conclude by noting that however prevalent the superficial motives for being an atheist, there still remain in many instances the deep and disturbing psychological sources as well. However easy it may be to state the hypothesis of the "defective father," we must not forget the difficulty, the pain, and complexity that lie behind each individual case. And for those whose atheism has been conditioned by a father who rejected, who denied, who hated, who manipulated, or who physically or sexually abused them, there must be understanding and compassion. Certainly for a child to be forced to hate his own father-or even to despair because of his father's weaknesses is a great tragedy. After all, the child only wants to love his father. For any unbeliever whose atheism is grounded in such experience, the believer, blessed by God's love, should pray most especially that ultimately they will both meet in heaven. Meet and embrace and experience great joy. If so, perhaps the former atheist will experience even more joy than the believer. For, in addition to the happiness of the believer, the atheist will have that extra increment that comes from his surprise at finding himself surrounded by joy in, of all places, his Father's house.
As with any essay, the response elicited will in large measure be the result, not of the essay, but of our individual point of view. I offer mine in that spirit. I should note a couple of things to start: 1. He clearly paints the motives for being an athiest as "superficial". Thats quite a viewpoint to have in view of such things as science and factual discoveries concerning Christianity and world religions in general. 2. He does acknowledge (imo correctly) that each case is complex and individual. Good for him.
He also acknowledges the social pressure he felt to identify himself as an athiest, which I found intriguing, as that is usually one of the biggest reasons I can see for those who continue to believe or stay in a religious community. (i.e. "Yeah, I guess I am a Catholic. No I don't like what I see. I don't agree with their stand on abortion or homosexuality or birth control. But my family is Catholic, so I am not changing...")
I feel that one argument that he tries to make is that athiesm is in fact, a reflex of earlier childhood experiences. Using this as a barometer, anyone can say that nothing they believe is truly unbiased and thus "superficial", because they learned it at childhood. This is convenient for the sake of his arguement, but in defending thiesm, I feel he actually undermines faith and belief in general. (I realze that this is classic Freud, but bear with me.)
For example, with none of the traditional western religions around, who would believe in Jesus? Isn't it true that one must be taught that Jesus is in fact, alive, invisibly in the heavens before any semblance of faith and belief can occur? If you, the reader, were raised in Saudi Arabia for example and only been exposed to Islam, would you believe in Jesus? If we took a transplanted middle eastern baby, raised him with adoptive parents in Manhatten who took him to a synogouge, what would be believe? And yes, if you are raised by athiests, is it likely that you are going to be pre-disposed to not believe in god. There are some, such as the author, who "switched teams" from athiesm to thiesm. There reasons are there own, and do not prove anything on their own. They don't answer the evidentiary questions that have long plagued thiests in the thiest/athiest arguements that continue to spatter about.
Lastly, it might have been a more accurate article to say that he had a problem with Freudian athiests. No athiest I know is one because of Freud. If one wishes to explain thiesm or athiesm through Freudian terms, that is one thing. But Freud represents only one avenue of psychology. (why didn't he discuss Jung? Jung didn't have the open hostility to religion, in fact, some think he sounds a bit "new agey" based on who is reading it) I think many who have any sort of passing knowledge of psychology would acknowledge that Freud plowed the first road in modern psychology, but he certainly didn't pave it. His basic contribution to psychology is the concept that psychological issues can be treated by trained talk therapists. I would largely discredit most of what Freud had to say in general, outside of a few guiding concepts in psychology. It should also be noted that modern therapists actually include one's religious faith as a way to help those who are troubled mentally in their therapy. This is far from what Freud would have endorsed.
In short, to try to marginilize athiests (or anything) using Freudian based psychotherapy is a waste of time. (just one mans opinion)
Since this article seems a bit wordy and overly academic for the average JW or ex JW (and I include myself in that group), I would suggest a more pragmatic playing field. Here is how I see it.
Athiests and agnostics I know, esp ex JW's, are so because they often had little opportunity to critically examine their beliefs, why they believe, who they obey and follow. When actually allowed to do so, (something that JW's for example are forbidden to do) what do they find? God? Jesus? No, these agnostic/athiests find history books with facts and data, and when they decide to become athiests, they do so not because they have had daddy issues, but because of the evidence that they have assimilated. Even if they choose to do so for highly emotional reasons, the fact is, god could sort of show up for all our benefits. (It would really stop these discussions wouldn't it?) Are athiests and agnostics free to come up with their own evidentiary tests for god's existence? It seems to me that all types of thiests are free to do so, why not athiests? If their tests are more stringent, they certainly can't be called unreasonable.
When researching the bible, here is what I found: The bible is a collection of old scrolls. The bible canon that is the foundation of modern western Christianity was the subject of much debate. There is no evidence that it is anything but the writings of man, a collection of wisdom and ancient (though sometimes dubious) history of a small group of people. Whether one chooses to attach faith and mystical significance to this book is a personal decision. But one who chooses to view these books theistically does so "as a matter of faith", as their is no evidence or compelling reason to do so, as evidenced by the survival rate of agnostic and athiests that we observe today.
Athiests cannot prove that god doesn't exist. They also cannot prove that Santa Claus doesn't exist either. I don't see a difference. Believing that Santa exists sometimes makes people feel better, and as long as their aren't any constitutional ammendments demanding that we pray for our X-mas presents in school, then I am totally cool with those who think that Santa is real. Can we talk about the psychology behind that? Or isn't it more accurate to say that the reasons people (mostly children) believe because they have been taught, not because they have daddy issues.
Athiests have got a bad rap from thiests, essentially because they disagree with thiests and thiests cannot answer their questions scientifically. (lets face it: to say I see "god" in a sunset might be deep for you, but it doesn't help prove the existence of god at all. To say there is an ancient prophecy yet to be fulfilled in the bible might do something for you, but you can't prove it) There isn't anything that can be proven thiestically, only persuasion exists. To say that athiests believe the way they do because of psychological issues is a weak attempt to change the real issues involved, in my opinion.
There is a limit, a void that science doesn't fill. Faith and spirituality (defined by me as the quest for meaning and purpose in each individuals life) is important. If one chooses to fill that through organized religion, thats fine with me. However, I think the main problem most athiests and agnostics have isn't religion or god per se, but instead, the enforced group think mentallity we saw in JW's and see at times with the Dobson crowd and the fundamentalists of the GOP. Please, feel free to believe what you want, but don't enforce it through Government. And don't pretend that you are right, that your god exists as certainly as the chair I am sitting on now. Show some humility to what you don't know, and what you can do.... please?
If I ever do chosse to believe in god again, it will likely be because I feel a need to, and it will be quite personal, and I still won't vote Republican, nor will I try to argue for my belief. I doubt I would ever let most people know about it. It would be for me, me alone.
This premise is a fight on an inaccurate playing field. The fight over athiesm/thiesm is on evidence, not psychology.
That article was so long, and I wanted to watch football today and then I have to work Monday. But those are my basic thoughts on it. Thanks for the opportunity to comment on it.