Spiritual soul can be viewed as being responsible for giving Qualia to humans. Even hard atheists( like Dennett who advocates consciousness does not exists) say that they recognise something more than just materialistic processes in their minds. Dennett speaks about this characteristic as the Zombic Hunch.
By definition is impossible to humans create the spiritual soul (neshamah/psyche) that gives humans the capability to be conscious.
Catholicism has a very simple explanation of soul and defines only 3 (vegetative, animal and spiritual) and one "appendix" of the spiritual soul (psyche) called pneuma (translated as "spirit of man" and can be viewed as the "center of intentions" of psyche).
Spirit in Catholicism have two meanings: one is the concept of pneuma (spirit of man) and the other is regarding the substance which souls are made contrasting to material substance (like the vegetative and animal souls. Both mortal).
Catholicism says the two mortal souls came to existence by natural means (evolution) and in Homo Sapiens the animal soul reached a very high functional level able to receive the spiritual soul (psyche). Adam and Eve were the first couple to receive this spiritual soul (in a very recent point in history). God creates every single psyche in Adam's offspring. Being a direct creation of God every psyche is perfect and immortal and can't be annihilated. Psyche has no parts so it cannot be decomposed, therefore is immortal. Pneuma is just a salience in psyche like a handle of a mug and functions like an "antenna". Pneuma is responsible for the spiritual communication between other beings.
Psyche cannot be annihilated but can fall to perdition and it is like a living death (second death). The eternal destiny of soul (soteriology) is the main concern to Catholicism.
Tell me more about the concepts of soul in Judaism. I know Jews defines 5 souls in humans. David, do you think is possible to humans emulate or even create in artificial intelligence something like the naturalistic soul (nephesh habehamit or the human anima)?