snare&racket

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Posts by snare&racket

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  63

  What are your turn offs in a guy or girl?

  by Iamallcool in

  1. jw
  2. friends

  one of them is nose rings/piercings.

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  snare&racket

  Not caring about how far away a star is.....
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  22

  Evolutionary psychology?

  by Laika in

  1. jw
  2. friends

  i've read a little bit of work from the field of evolutionary psychology, but nearly all of this stuff comes across as pseudo-scientific bs to me.

  much of this stuff just seems to me to be a case of preferring a particular human behaviour over another one, and then saying that this is what nature intended with a story about how it 'evolved'.

  a lot of evolutionary psychologists also seem to use evolutionary psychology as cover for their misogyny or racism.. i think most of our behaviours are socialised rather than genetic.. i am hardly an expert here however so could, of course, be completely wrong.

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  snare&racket

  I have just seen this and I am in a little bit of a rush so forgive me, but the human psyche is a result of chemical releases, released from glands made of cells, made of proteins, made from DNA.

  The levels of the chemicals will dictate your behaviour, we know this even in the most crudest form such as depression and seretonin levels.

  Psych is a science with much to learn, it is very much early days. But evolution drove the progression of behaviour, I would need you to be more specific as to what you found objectionable, to be able to explain it.

  Xenephobia, which led to racism, makes sense, fear of unknown tribes, different genes, a competitor.

  Superstition and religion is pattern recognition gone awry.

  Once you know the principles, the motivating force is quite easy to predict and work out.

  As for proving it, it may be impossible.

  Snare
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  48

  Abiogenesis takes another step forward.....

  by snare&racket in

  1. jw
  2. friends

  spark of life: metabolism appears in lab without cells19:42 25 april 2014 by linda geddesfor similar stories, visit the evolution and human evolution topic guidesmetabolic processes that underpin life on earth have arisen spontaneously outside of cells.

  the serendipitous finding that metabolism the cascade of reactions in all cells that provides them with the raw materials they need to survive can happen in such simple conditions provides fresh insights into how the first life formed.

  it also suggests that the complex processes needed for life may have surprisingly humble origins.. "people have said that these pathways look so complex they couldn't form by environmental chemistry alone," says markus ralser at the university of cambridge who supervised the research.. but his findings suggest that many of these reactions could have occurred spontaneously in earth's early oceans, catalysed by metal ions rather than the enzymes that drive them in cells today.. the origin of metabolism is a major gap in our understanding of theemergence of life.

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  snare&racket

  You are correct Apog, but in fairness the science is in its infancy and they have homed in on the major chemical interactions. They will move onto the other issues next for sure. These are harder to prove and assess and importantly repeat.

  For anyone that rules abiogenesis as a role only for a deity, I would be thinking twice. Though yes, there is processes still to understand.

  It is ironic, when we find a gap in our knowledge and fill it, people pop up and announce more gaps, if the motive is scientific precaution, then it is to be taken seriously, if it in ignorance, it is a valuless concern. I don't mean you Apog, it just astounds me that we learn something amazing like this, and then people who have offered nothing say "but what about......"

  Snare x
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  48

  Abiogenesis takes another step forward.....

  by snare&racket in

  1. jw
  2. friends

  spark of life: metabolism appears in lab without cells19:42 25 april 2014 by linda geddesfor similar stories, visit the evolution and human evolution topic guidesmetabolic processes that underpin life on earth have arisen spontaneously outside of cells.

  the serendipitous finding that metabolism the cascade of reactions in all cells that provides them with the raw materials they need to survive can happen in such simple conditions provides fresh insights into how the first life formed.

  it also suggests that the complex processes needed for life may have surprisingly humble origins.. "people have said that these pathways look so complex they couldn't form by environmental chemistry alone," says markus ralser at the university of cambridge who supervised the research.. but his findings suggest that many of these reactions could have occurred spontaneously in earth's early oceans, catalysed by metal ions rather than the enzymes that drive them in cells today.. the origin of metabolism is a major gap in our understanding of theemergence of life.

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  snare&racket

  Vidiot, we know that evolutionary developments, like the eye evolved in several places, in several species, with no connection to each other, evolution found the same mechaism to solve the same problem. If I remember correctly, the SARS virus, or maybe it was 'swine flu', evolved into existence in 3 different regions. I.e. evolutionary inevitibility is more likely than we think. Because if the enviroment influences a direction, it will likely do it multiple times.

  Our problem has always been difficult, saying it would happen in a deep ocean enviroment isn't good enough in science, we have to prove it. Looks like they are on their way now.

  Exciting stuff.
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  11

  WHAT IS GOING ON IN RUSSIA??

  by DATA-DOG in

  1. watchtower
  2. beliefs

  i hear a lot of stories circulating about jws in russia.

  the government is raiding houses for literature, just like the old days.

  an eldub was rambling during the wt study about jws in russia.

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  snare&racket

  I don't want to see anyone hurt or injured or in fear.

  There is great irony that Russia has a huge issue with homophobia and yet they point fingers at Watchtower for hate speech due to such issues as homophobia and decades of WT rhetoric about everyone but themselves.

  The probelm is you can't spend 100 years calling everyone evil and destined to a lake of fire, then be suprised when it upsets people. The 8 in Brooklyn, could spout this unpleasant nonsense all they wanted in the safety of their Watchtower fortress in a freedom loving western country. Oh more irony! They have denounced every nation on earth, every religion, they have mocked and spat at every religion but their own, never admitting fault, mere 'old light'.

  Meanwhile, worldwide, their followers have to take that message door to door!

  I just feel sorry for the people who feel obliged to tell the world in 2014 that nature is evil, that democracy is evil, that the world is going to hell in a handbasket and the only refuge is a local windowless building where songs are sung and tripe is regurgitated, new light is consumed without thought and contributions are 'pledged'.

  As society evolves, such fundementalist religions will become evidently clear for their harm and abuse, not for society as much as its poor members.
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  48

  Abiogenesis takes another step forward.....

  by snare&racket in

  1. jw
  2. friends

  spark of life: metabolism appears in lab without cells19:42 25 april 2014 by linda geddesfor similar stories, visit the evolution and human evolution topic guidesmetabolic processes that underpin life on earth have arisen spontaneously outside of cells.

  the serendipitous finding that metabolism the cascade of reactions in all cells that provides them with the raw materials they need to survive can happen in such simple conditions provides fresh insights into how the first life formed.

  it also suggests that the complex processes needed for life may have surprisingly humble origins.. "people have said that these pathways look so complex they couldn't form by environmental chemistry alone," says markus ralser at the university of cambridge who supervised the research.. but his findings suggest that many of these reactions could have occurred spontaneously in earth's early oceans, catalysed by metal ions rather than the enzymes that drive them in cells today.. the origin of metabolism is a major gap in our understanding of theemergence of life.

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  snare&racket

  ILTTATT: That is what they are doing x

  Kate: This is chemistry ! It demonstrates spontaneous interaction in very important metabolic pathways for life, vital processes to life and all without a cell membrane!!!

  If you look at a thread I made abour 3 months ago, I mentioned that the scientists can reduce life to chemicals but theny need to find an enviroment on earth where they could spontaneously interact. They have done this now. We even mentioned on my thread that the ocean floor or other enviroments in the universe i.e. other planets, could have done it. This result is very important because we have brought abiogenesis closer to home!

  As for amino acids, we have already ticked that box, we are a lot further back than that Kate in reducing life to chemicals spontaneously interacting. Important metabolic processes providing energy and molecules important for early life, form without any coding, without DNA without RNA without a cell, they can do it spontaneously on ocean floors!

  So from non-life to life, to simplify we had.... chemicals spontaneoulsy interacting, a membrane of carbohydrates (lipid layer), formation of DNA, RNA, organelles including ribosomes, then amino acids which form proteins which form everything.

  This experiement has taken the process back to 'chemicals spontaneously interacting'....yes we have gaps between there and proteins, but we have only done this research for a lifetime at best. Abiogenesis... spontaneous formation of life here on earth, just got more viable.

  It makes sense we find it on ocean floor vents because we find mass colonies of bacteria and life, highly evolved to their enviroment, single celled prokaryotes. It is teeming with what we believe early life looked like, what a co-inky-dink !

  Snare x
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  17

  Guess What? Elders Can't Get Clergy Insurance !

  by metatron in

  1. jw
  2. friends

  http://www.americanprofessional.com/clergy/.

  elders don't qualify for clergy malpractice insurance, even if they wanted it.

  no divinity school degree.. .

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  snare&racket

  Now we just need to be able to sue for misinformation and being misled. From medicine, to education to science and world history....they have outright lied and misled.

  I would be in a court in a flash.
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  48

  Abiogenesis takes another step forward.....

  by snare&racket in

  1. jw
  2. friends

  spark of life: metabolism appears in lab without cells19:42 25 april 2014 by linda geddesfor similar stories, visit the evolution and human evolution topic guidesmetabolic processes that underpin life on earth have arisen spontaneously outside of cells.

  the serendipitous finding that metabolism the cascade of reactions in all cells that provides them with the raw materials they need to survive can happen in such simple conditions provides fresh insights into how the first life formed.

  it also suggests that the complex processes needed for life may have surprisingly humble origins.. "people have said that these pathways look so complex they couldn't form by environmental chemistry alone," says markus ralser at the university of cambridge who supervised the research.. but his findings suggest that many of these reactions could have occurred spontaneously in earth's early oceans, catalysed by metal ions rather than the enzymes that drive them in cells today.. the origin of metabolism is a major gap in our understanding of theemergence of life.

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  snare&racket

  Spark of life: Metabolism appears in lab without cells

  • 19:42 25 April 2014 by Linda Geddes
  • For similar stories, visit the Evolution and Human Evolution Topic Guides

  Metabolic processes that underpin life on Earth have arisen spontaneously outside of cells. The serendipitous finding that metabolism – the cascade of reactions in all cells that provides them with the raw materials they need to survive – can happen in such simple conditions provides fresh insights into how the first life formed. It also suggests that the complex processes needed for life may have surprisingly humble origins.

  "People have said that these pathways look so complex they couldn't form by environmental chemistry alone," says Markus Ralser at the University of Cambridge who supervised the research.

  But his findings suggest that many of these reactions could have occurred spontaneously in Earth's early oceans, catalysed by metal ions rather than the enzymes that drive them in cells today.

  The origin of metabolism is a major gap in our understanding of theemergence of life. "If you look at many different organisms from around the world, this network of reactions always looks very similar, suggesting that it must have come into place very early on in evolution, but no one knew precisely when or how," says Ralser.

  Happy accident

  One theory is that RNA was the first building block of life because it helps to produce the enzymes that could catalyse complex sequences of reactions. Another possibility is that metabolism came first; perhaps even generating the molecules needed to make RNA, and that cells later incorporated these processes – but there was little evidence to support this.

  "This is the first experiment showing that it is possible to create metabolic networks in the absence of RNA," Ralser says.

  Remarkably, the discovery was an accident, stumbled on during routine quality control testing of the medium used to culture cells at Ralser's laboratory. As a shortcut, one of his students decided to run unused media through a mass spectrometer, which spotted a signal for pyruvate – an end product of a metabolic pathway called glycolysis.

  To test whether the same processes could have helped spark life on Earth, they approached colleagues in the Earth sciences department who had been working on reconstructing the chemistry of the Archean Ocean, which covered the planet almost 4 billion years ago. This was an oxygen-free world, predating photosynthesis, when the waters were rich in iron, as well as other metals and phosphate. All these substances could potentially facilitate chemical reactions like the ones seen in modern cells.

  Metabolic backbone

  Ralser's team took early ocean solutions and added substances known to be starting points for modern metabolic pathways, before heating the samples to between 50˚C and 70˚C – the sort of temperatures you might have found near a hydrothermal vent – for 5 hours. Ralser then analysed the solutions to see what molecules were present.

  "In the beginning we had hoped to find one reaction or two maybe, but the results were amazing," says Ralser. "We could reconstruct two metabolic pathways almost entirely."

  The pathways they detected were glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, "reactions that form the core metabolic backbone of every living cell," Ralser adds. Together these pathways produce some of the most important materials in modern cells, including ATP – the molecule cells use to drive their machinery, the sugars that form DNA and RNA, and the molecules needed to make fats and proteins.

  If these metabolic pathways were occurring in the early oceans, then the first cells could have enveloped them as they developed membranes.

  In all, 29 metabolism-like chemical reactions were spotted, seemingly catalysed by iron and other metals that would have been found in early ocean sediments. The metabolic pathways aren't identical to modern ones; some of the chemicals made by intermediate steps weren't detected. However, "if you compare them side by side it is the same structure and many of the same molecules are formed," Ralser says. These pathways could have been refined and improved once enzymes evolved within cells.

  Reversible reaction

  Detecting the metabolite ribose 5-phosphate is particularly noteworthy, Ralser says. This is because it is a precursor to RNA, which encodes information, catalyses chemical reactions and most importantly of all, can replicate.

  "I think this paper has really interesting connotations for the origins of life," says Matthew Powner at University College London. It hints at how more complex enzymes could have evolved, he says, because substances that made these early processes more efficient would have been selected for.

  There is one big problem, however. "For origins of life, it is important to understand where the source molecules come from," Powner says. No one has yet shown that such substances could form spontaneously in the early oceans.

  A related issue is that the reactions observed so far only go in one direction; from complex sugars to simpler molecules like pyruvate. "Given the data, one might well conclude that any organics in the ocean would have been totally degraded, rather than forming the basis of modern metabolism," says Jack Szostak, who studies the origin of life at Harvard. "I would conclude that metabolism had to evolve, within cells, one reaction and one catalyst at a time."

  But Ralser disagrees. In his opinion, whether the reaction is catalysed by an enzyme or by a molecule in the Archean Ocean leads to the same result; "every chemical reaction is in principle reversible, whether an enzyme or a simple molecule is the catalyst," he says.

  Journal reference: Molecular Systems Biology, DOI: 10.1002/msb.145228
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  14

  Husband can sit in on wife's judicial committee meeting, but not other way around

  by PaintedToeNail in

  1. jw
  2. friends

  not long ago, there were comments on this topic.

  i cannot find it, i don't know what the actual thread was.

  i've checked back through the pages and done several searches, but don't know what the key words were, am coming up blank.

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  snare&racket

  Watchtower Free,sorry to be all non-pc but the Welshman in me is loving the red headed celtic beauty, including the attitude!

  Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn annwyl I mi,
  Gwlad beirdd a chantorion, enwogion o fri;
  Ei gwrol ryfelwyr, gwladgarwyr tra mad,
  Tros ryddid gollasant eu gwaed.
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  21

  Improving your memory

  by snare&racket in

  1. jw
  2. friends

  i have never had teaching on memory, i have never really had any advice given to me on memory, but i think it is something we would all benefit from knowing, even at a young age.

  as we know how our brains make connections now, it seems a missed resource that they don't overtly teach memory methods in school to suit our anatomy and physiology.. anyway, for those that are interested in discussing it and have sought out your own methods, i am interested to hear them!!!.

  everyone has slightly different memorising techniques, i am a very visual learner and i have a very visual memory.

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  snare&racket

  Band, there was a consultant whom I kept forgetting his name, it was Dr Bukaltar, until I thought of s book on an altar. That was 4 years ago.

  But as I have developed a very visual memory, unless I commit things to it consciously I tend to be quite pants at remembering things like names.

  Swings and roundabouts I guess! (do you guys say that in USA?)