Now we just need to be able to sue for misinformation and being misled. From medicine, to education to science and world history....they have outright lied and misled.
I would be in a court in a flash.
snare&racket
JoinedPosts by snare&racket
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17
Guess What? Elders Can't Get Clergy Insurance !
by metatron inhttp://www.americanprofessional.com/clergy/.
elders don't qualify for clergy malpractice insurance, even if they wanted it.
no divinity school degree.. .
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Abiogenesis takes another step forward.....
by snare&racket inspark of life: metabolism appears in lab without cells19:42 25 april 2014 by linda geddesfor similar stories, visit the evolution and human evolution topic guidesmetabolic processes that underpin life on earth have arisen spontaneously outside of cells.
the serendipitous finding that metabolism the cascade of reactions in all cells that provides them with the raw materials they need to survive can happen in such simple conditions provides fresh insights into how the first life formed.
it also suggests that the complex processes needed for life may have surprisingly humble origins.. "people have said that these pathways look so complex they couldn't form by environmental chemistry alone," says markus ralser at the university of cambridge who supervised the research.. but his findings suggest that many of these reactions could have occurred spontaneously in earth's early oceans, catalysed by metal ions rather than the enzymes that drive them in cells today.. the origin of metabolism is a major gap in our understanding of theemergence of life.
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snare&racket
Spark of life: Metabolism appears in lab without cells
- 19:42 25 April 2014 by Linda Geddes
- For similar stories, visit the Evolution and Human Evolution Topic Guides
Metabolic processes that underpin life on Earth have arisen spontaneously outside of cells. The serendipitous finding that metabolism – the cascade of reactions in all cells that provides them with the raw materials they need to survive – can happen in such simple conditions provides fresh insights into how the first life formed. It also suggests that the complex processes needed for life may have surprisingly humble origins.
"People have said that these pathways look so complex they couldn't form by environmental chemistry alone," says Markus Ralser at the University of Cambridge who supervised the research.
But his findings suggest that many of these reactions could have occurred spontaneously in Earth's early oceans, catalysed by metal ions rather than the enzymes that drive them in cells today.
The origin of metabolism is a major gap in our understanding of theemergence of life. "If you look at many different organisms from around the world, this network of reactions always looks very similar, suggesting that it must have come into place very early on in evolution, but no one knew precisely when or how," says Ralser.
Happy accident
One theory is that RNA was the first building block of life because it helps to produce the enzymes that could catalyse complex sequences of reactions. Another possibility is that metabolism came first; perhaps even generating the molecules needed to make RNA, and that cells later incorporated these processes – but there was little evidence to support this.
"This is the first experiment showing that it is possible to create metabolic networks in the absence of RNA," Ralser says.
Remarkably, the discovery was an accident, stumbled on during routine quality control testing of the medium used to culture cells at Ralser's laboratory. As a shortcut, one of his students decided to run unused media through a mass spectrometer, which spotted a signal for pyruvate – an end product of a metabolic pathway called glycolysis.
To test whether the same processes could have helped spark life on Earth, they approached colleagues in the Earth sciences department who had been working on reconstructing the chemistry of the Archean Ocean, which covered the planet almost 4 billion years ago. This was an oxygen-free world, predating photosynthesis, when the waters were rich in iron, as well as other metals and phosphate. All these substances could potentially facilitate chemical reactions like the ones seen in modern cells.
Metabolic backbone
Ralser's team took early ocean solutions and added substances known to be starting points for modern metabolic pathways, before heating the samples to between 50˚C and 70˚C – the sort of temperatures you might have found near a hydrothermal vent
– for 5 hours. Ralser then analysed the solutions to see what molecules were present."In the beginning we had hoped to find one reaction or two maybe, but the results were amazing," says Ralser. "We could reconstruct two metabolic pathways almost entirely."
The pathways they detected were glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, "reactions that form the core metabolic backbone of every living cell," Ralser adds. Together these pathways produce some of the most important materials in modern cells, including ATP – the molecule cells use to drive their machinery, the sugars that form DNA and RNA, and the molecules needed to make fats and proteins.
If these metabolic pathways were occurring in the early oceans, then the first cells could have enveloped them as they developed membranes.
In all, 29 metabolism-like chemical reactions were spotted, seemingly catalysed by iron and other metals that would have been found in early ocean sediments. The metabolic pathways aren't identical to modern ones; some of the chemicals made by intermediate steps weren't detected. However, "if you compare them side by side it is the same structure and many of the same molecules are formed," Ralser says. These pathways could have been refined and improved once enzymes evolved within cells.
Reversible reaction
Detecting the metabolite ribose 5-phosphate is particularly noteworthy, Ralser says. This is because it is a precursor to RNA, which encodes information, catalyses chemical reactions and most importantly of all, can replicate.
"I think this paper has really interesting connotations for the origins of life," says Matthew Powner at University College London. It hints at how more complex enzymes could have evolved, he says, because substances that made these early processes more efficient would have been selected for.
There is one big problem, however. "For origins of life, it is important to understand where the source molecules come from," Powner says. No one has yet shown that such substances could form spontaneously in the early oceans.
A related issue is that the reactions observed so far only go in one direction; from complex sugars to simpler molecules like pyruvate. "Given the data, one might well conclude that any organics in the ocean would have been totally degraded, rather than forming the basis of modern metabolism," says Jack Szostak, who studies the origin of life at Harvard. "I would conclude that metabolism had to evolve, within cells, one reaction and one catalyst at a time."
But Ralser disagrees. In his opinion, whether the reaction is catalysed by an enzyme or by a molecule in the Archean Ocean leads to the same result; "every chemical reaction is in principle reversible, whether an enzyme or a simple molecule is the catalyst," he says.
Journal reference: Molecular Systems Biology, DOI: 10.1002/msb.145228
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Husband can sit in on wife's judicial committee meeting, but not other way around
by PaintedToeNail innot long ago, there were comments on this topic.
i cannot find it, i don't know what the actual thread was.
i've checked back through the pages and done several searches, but don't know what the key words were, am coming up blank.
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snare&racket
Watchtower Free,sorry to be all non-pc but the Welshman in me is loving the red headed celtic beauty, including the attitude!
Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn annwyl I mi,
Gwlad beirdd a chantorion, enwogion o fri;
Ei gwrol ryfelwyr, gwladgarwyr tra mad,
Tros ryddid gollasant eu gwaed. -
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Improving your memory
by snare&racket ini have never had teaching on memory, i have never really had any advice given to me on memory, but i think it is something we would all benefit from knowing, even at a young age.
as we know how our brains make connections now, it seems a missed resource that they don't overtly teach memory methods in school to suit our anatomy and physiology.. anyway, for those that are interested in discussing it and have sought out your own methods, i am interested to hear them!!!.
everyone has slightly different memorising techniques, i am a very visual learner and i have a very visual memory.
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snare&racket
Band, there was a consultant whom I kept forgetting his name, it was Dr Bukaltar, until I thought of s book on an altar. That was 4 years ago.
But as I have developed a very visual memory, unless I commit things to it consciously I tend to be quite pants at remembering things like names.
Swings and roundabouts I guess! (do you guys say that in USA?)
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An important difference between atheists and true believers
by Hortensia intrue believers, whether christian, muslim or whatever, want to convert you, they want you to believe what they do, and they're willing to go to extremes to make it happen.
atheists don't really care what you believe, and don't go out of their way to convert someone.. http://ow.ly/vn1jz an example of what believers in power do to suppress any difference in thought.
http://ow.ly/vraeo an example of why believers want to suppress different ideas (because they can't win in a fair fight, that's why).
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snare&racket
Xanthipipe, Hitchens would be rolling in his grave with you claiming he wanted to ban religion, he actually said he didn't want to see an end to religion, Dawkins disagreed with him, but both would be horrified at a 'ban' on religion.
You need to be more careful with your words, 'ban' is very different to 'would like to see it diminish'. As I said, Hitchens in fact said the opposite so you need to be s little more careful with your claims too. I mean no offence, just having read them I know you are incorrect.
they discuss it here
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Improving your memory
by snare&racket ini have never had teaching on memory, i have never really had any advice given to me on memory, but i think it is something we would all benefit from knowing, even at a young age.
as we know how our brains make connections now, it seems a missed resource that they don't overtly teach memory methods in school to suit our anatomy and physiology.. anyway, for those that are interested in discussing it and have sought out your own methods, i am interested to hear them!!!.
everyone has slightly different memorising techniques, i am a very visual learner and i have a very visual memory.
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snare&racket
Though I would suggest reading over the principles and teaching yourself. it is quite straight forward, there are some texts out there...
looks good
or this
"The book that taught the 2013 World Memory Champion Jonas Von Essen the skills he needed to remember 1,266 shuffled cards and 3,841 binary digits - taking him from a man with an ordinary memory to one with extraordinary recall in less than 2 years."
or this
" The world's greatest maestro of memory offers you the secret of a super-sharp memory and all the life benefits that come with it.
Dominic O'Brien is legendary for winning the World Memory Championship eight times and for outwitting the casinos of Las Vegas to win a fortune at blackjack. His success is based on brilliant techniques that he has developed and refined over the years - in particular, the Journey Method and the Dominic System. Here, for the first time, Dominic lets you right into the heart of his inner world of memory mastery. Learn how to build your memory at your own pace and take yourself to heights of attainment you never thought were possible. Follow his brain-boosting techniques as a warm-up and then move on to the advanced stuff - recalling dozens of digits with ease, wiping the floor with your opponents at cards, and driving the route from Land's End to John O'Groats without the aid of a satnav or road atlas - that's right, boys, you need never ask for directions again! The memory isn't like a muscle - its capacity is infinite. Turn your brain into a portable super-powered computer with this life-changing self-help book.
Use the power of improved memory to achieve new success in business, leisure, relationships, and all aspects of personal fulfilment." -
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The Fossil Record: vs God Allowing Pain & Suffering
by Shanagirl inwhat a man does with the fossil record tells a lot about his worldview.
is it the result of a world-covering deluge?
or did this sorry chronicle of pain, suffering, and death precede humans (and the reign of death) by millions of years?
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snare&racket
Funny how people never complain about the theory of gravity, atomic theory, germ theory, quantum theory..... ALL of which are evidently true, the theory is a reference to a body of knowledge & evidence on the topic of gravity, atoms, germs, quantum physics etc
A model, is something else again so model would be inappropriate. A model is a representation of a complex theory or hypothesis with many variables, usually expressed using technology or math equations. Evolution has fossils, DNA and can be recreated, observed, influenced in real time.
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Improving your memory
by snare&racket ini have never had teaching on memory, i have never really had any advice given to me on memory, but i think it is something we would all benefit from knowing, even at a young age.
as we know how our brains make connections now, it seems a missed resource that they don't overtly teach memory methods in school to suit our anatomy and physiology.. anyway, for those that are interested in discussing it and have sought out your own methods, i am interested to hear them!!!.
everyone has slightly different memorising techniques, i am a very visual learner and i have a very visual memory.
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snare&racket
yes Lisa, it's great isn't it.
Thanks jgnat x
Band, thats interesting I didn't realise the bar worked like that.
What is truth: thanks, let me know how it goes! x
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Improving your memory
by snare&racket ini have never had teaching on memory, i have never really had any advice given to me on memory, but i think it is something we would all benefit from knowing, even at a young age.
as we know how our brains make connections now, it seems a missed resource that they don't overtly teach memory methods in school to suit our anatomy and physiology.. anyway, for those that are interested in discussing it and have sought out your own methods, i am interested to hear them!!!.
everyone has slightly different memorising techniques, i am a very visual learner and i have a very visual memory.
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snare&racket
I have never had teaching on memory, I have never really had any advice given to me on memory, but I think it is something we would all benefit from knowing, even at a young age. As we know how our brains make connections now, it seems a missed resource that they don't overtly teach memory methods in school to suit our anatomy and physiology.
Anyway, for those that are interested in discussing it and have sought out your own methods, I am interested to hear them!!!
Everyone has slightly different memorising techniques, I am a very visual learner and I have a very visual memory. In school I would be able to recite the poetry etc, by seeing the image in my mind. There are downsides to a visual memory, once you go beyond a few apples and oranges, it is very hard to visualise math. I can be very good at math, but for very short periods of time! Weird hey.
So I got really interested in memory at university. I was always told I had a good memory by family etc, but I assumed everyone had a bank of images they collated & simply accessed when required, all with trigger words and associations. Though I had this memory, for medical school, it simply was not refined or efficient enough. I think I developed my visual memory from reading books and having to use an imagination whilst reading. But I can't be sure.
The first thing I read about, concerning memory, was chess players. Chess players don't really actually play chess. They play chess moves they have memorised. The key is having the memory to remember the best move for the scenario you are in. Studies have been done that show they access memory in a very organised way. Rather than a scenario (a question) resulting in access to its specific chess move memory (the answer), the memory of the chess player is unboxed in stages. So several memories are involved between the question and the answer. These memories are the context of the chess game. It is easily applied to medicine, so I can give an example, I don't know chess to be able to explain it. The question could be why wre someone's hands cold? Rather than going straight to the answer of 'blood circulation' as a memory answer, the best way is in stages, as it is impossible to memorise all possible answers to all questions. So step one, heat is brought via the blood, from the heart, via vasculature, to the peripheries, so cold hands are due to poor circulation. That is how a chess player unboxes the memory also, in stages.
But this is how to access memory, how do you get it there in the first place? It is important to know, you can train your memory. There are competitions and training regimes that anyone can use. The best is called 'The Method of Loci' and this is the system the memory competitors use and I used it in medical school. Derren Brown also uses this method and explains it well, below. But basically, we know the mind makes connections in real time based on what we are seeing, smelling and hearing and feeling, then makes a memory. So this is why words, music, smells, sounds, imagery can recall memories. Likewise knowing this, we can use these mechanisms to memorise vast volumes of data. The key is to associate it with a memorable place, a location.
When I first read this, I misapplied it totally. I made notes and used colours and drew images to try to consume as much information as possible. I did well enough to pass exams and do well, but there is a far superior system to learn...'The Loci Method' has a few such as the memory palace,,or the journey.
This method, has you imagining either a journey or a place. So you could walk down a path, imagined in your memory, with grass either side etc and you could meet people along the way or pick up objects on the side of the road. The alternative to learning a jouney is to imagine a place, usually a building, I myself did this and made a house, or as some call it a memory palace. Here is an example. There are a few principles in medicine that are complex and very similair to each other, so it is easy to mix up. But in my memory palace, in the bathroom (chosen because of the topic) there is a plumber called Al throwing bananas into the toilet and two maids called Angie turning on taps until salt is thrown at them. So Al is ALDOSTERONE, which causes you to excrete potassium and the maids called Angie are Angieotensin 2 which control blood pressure through urine excretion and salt absorption. The use of a bathroom relates to it being a urology memory.
Ignore the science, the principle of the technique is there and it works very, very well. Add to this method word asociation which is VERY useful and together the memory can be hugely expanded. If you want to remember something, know that going over it 3 times within 2 days is important. Imagine it, see it, smell it, hear it. Play it forwards, play it backwards. Before long you can do these things very quickly and on the fly.
For very important things, emergency situations, medics tend to use word association. Everyone knows ABCDE airway, breathing circulation, disability, exposure...the key to basic life support.
So heart attack treatment I remember as MI MONAC B
Myocardial infarction (heart attack): morphine, oxygen, nitrates, asprin 300, clopidogrel 300, beta blockers. Just as with the chess player there is more unpacking, so morphine for pain and it helps open up arteries, nitrates give 3 puffs of spray only if the blood pressure is good, asprin and clopidogrel at 300mg, beta blockers if the heart rate is high.
or
Life threatening asthma attack I memorised as OSHITME....oxygen, salbutamol,hydrocortisone, ipratropium, theophyline, magnesium, escalate to ITU.
There are so many of these to learn, if you do them for long enough and they are just part of your memory. When I hear of a heart attack, I think MONAC-B
Just as with the chess player, memories are unpackaged in stages, like a russian doll. So if the drugs for a heart attack changed, the MONAC can easily be changed to MOAC for example. Or as Derren explains, the journey/memory palace can be rewritten daily to suit things you need to remember that day.
Instead of just trying to know by memory all the treatments for all scenarios, which is almost impossible, this system works a treat.
Anyway, I find memory a very interetintopic, anyone out there use interesting memory methods?
Snare x
P.s. apologies for the medical jargon
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Time to move on, my last post on JWN....
by JustHuman14 ini have been posting into the forum since 2001(my previous avatar was "justhuman" and when forum changed to net, i couldn't retrieve my old avatar so i had to use a similar one and log in again).
almost 15 years are gone.
made some friends here, including mr flipper and one that i really miss dearly is oompa.
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snare&racket
bye bro, we are always here....
– for 5 hours. Ralser then analysed the solutions to see what molecules were present.