No China is not going to pay for it. Why would you ever believe Trump on this nonsense. Dare i say he probably doesn't even know how a tariff works. He just says whatever sounds better or makes him look better.
A tariff is paid by the receiving business. So to your point, if China sells a product to the US for $1000, the government imposes a tax of $200. These $200 are paid by US based companies who are importing the product, obviously not by China. Well of course US companies will pass that cost to the consumer which like always will take the brunt of it.
You could perhaps make the argument that by making Chinese products more expensive, there will be less demand for them, which could in fact hurt them. But there a 2 winners and two losers in this equation. The losers are China and the American consumer. The winners are the US government which sees its revenue grow and US manufacturers of those same products which now can better compete in the market since Chinese products are more expensive.