@zedina and @still thinking
Messiah firstly just means leader, be they a king or priest etc. In the OT every king and priest was a Messiah. The WTS is intentionally avoiding the discussion of this matter so that all Messiah references in the OT are automatically assumed by uninformed xians to mean Jesus. We can see that many are simply not about him.
The classic example if Micah 5:2 which supposedly predicts jesus will be born in Bethlehem. If we read the remainder of the chapter we see JC did not destroy the Assyrians which makes the so called prophecy a fraud.
There were actually many messiahs in jesus time, because the Jews themselves felt that was the time when someone would lead them to victory and freedom. They felt this because of astrology, jesus was born in about 1BC give or take which is exactly when the SUN enters the age of Pisces. At about the same time many opportunists throghout the land tried their luck and did convince many to follow them.
The story of John the Baptist is an example of this. He was not violent but it shows the people were looking for someone.
The Bible mentions many of these groups. Some of the apostles show this link to some of these groups.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judas_iscariot
There are many strange convulted reasons for the etymology given in the article on wiki. Most scholars nowdays believe Iscariot is just Sicarii another infamous group jumbled up.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicarii
Sicarii (Latin plural of Sicarius 'dagger-men' or later contract-killer, Hebrew ????????) is a term applied, in the decades immediately preceding the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD , (probably) to an extremist splinter group [1] of the Jewish Zealots , who attempted to expel the Romans and their partisans from Judea using concealed daggers ( sicae ). [2]
In the name of Judas Iscariot , the apostle who betrayed Jesus, the epithet "Iscariot" is read by some scholars as a Hellenized transformation, by the simplest metathesis , of sicarius. The suffix "-ote" denotes membership or belonging to – in this case to the sicarii. This meaning is lost when the Greek Gospels are translated into modern Hebrew : the Hebrew meaning relates much more closely to the presumed Aramaic of the period which is the actual language in which Judas Iscariot had his name. In Hebrew, Judas is rendered as "Ish-Kerayot," making him a Jew from the townships or " ... from the district". "Judas" (like the Hebrew "Judah") refers to Judean identity, either membership in the state of Judea of the Graeco-Roman period or the Jewish people more generally. Many scholars accept this meaning, pointing out that it indicates that Judas was from the start "the representative Jew" who betrayed Jesus in the Gospel dramatization of events, and we may not have in him an actual person or perhaps only do not know his actual name. It would have been odd to give a person a defamatory name (in the Greek or Latin Gospels) that was not in the native tongue Aramaic, when there were words in that tongue that could mean the same. However, Robert Eisenman (Eisenman p 179) is amongst those scholars today who persist in identifying him instead as "Judas the Sicarios ". He offers as justification that most of the consonants and vowels tally – in Josephus, Sicarioi/Sicarion ; in the New Testament Iscariot .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Messiah_claimants
Before the Common Era
- Simon of Peraea (c. 4 BCE), a former slave of Herod the Great, who rebelled and was killed by the Romans.
- Athronges (c. 4-2? BCE), a shepherd turned rebel leader of a rebellion with his four brothers against Herod Archelaus and the Romans after proclaiming himself the Messiah. [4] He and his brothers were eventually defeated. [5]
[edit] 1st century
- Jesus (ca. 4 BCE - 30 CE), in Galilee and the Roman province of Judea. Jews who believed him to be the Messiah were the first Christians, also known as Jewish Christians. It is estimated that there are 2.5 billion Christians in the world today, [6] making Jesus of Nazareth the most widely followed Messiah claimant. In addition to Christians, Muslims also regard Jesus ('Isa) as the Jewish messiah.
- Judas of Galilee (6 CE), Judas led a violent resistance to the census imposed for Roman tax purposes by Quirinius in Iudaea Province around 6 CE. The revolt was crushed brutally by the Romans. [7]
- Menahem ben Judah (?), the son or grandson of Judas of Galilee, was a leader of the Sicarii. When the war broke, he armed his followers with the weapons captured at Masada and besieged Antonia Fortress in Jerusalem, overpowering the troops of Agrippa II in Judea and forcing the Roman garrison to retreat. Emboldened by his success, he behaved as an "insufferable tyrant", [8] thereby arousing the enmity of Eleazar, the Temple Captain and de facto a rival Zealot rebel leader, who had him tortured and killed. [9] He may be identical with theMenahem ben Hezekiah mentioned in the Talmud (tractate Sanhedrin 98b) and called "the comforter that should relieve".
- Theudas (?-46 CE), a Jewish rebel of the 1st century CE, at some point between 44 and 46 CE, Theudas led his followers in a short-lived revolt. Some writers are of the opinion that he may have said he was the Messiah. [10]
- Vespasian, c.70, according to Flavius Josephus [11]
- John of Gischala (? after 70), was a leader of the Jewish revolt against the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War, and played a part in the destruction of Jerusalem in 70CE. [12]
2nd century
- Simon bar Kokhba (also: Bar Kosiba) (?- died c. 135), with the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem the appearance of messiahs ceased for a time. Sixty years later a politico-Messianic movement of large proportions took place. The leader of the revolt Simon bar Kokhba against Rome was hailed as Messiah-king by Rabbi Akiva, who referred to him, Numbers xxiv. 17: "There shall come forth a star out of Jacob, and a sceptre shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite through the corners of Moab,", and Hag. ii. 21, 22; "I will shake the heavens and the earth and I will overthrow the thrones of kingdoms. . . ." (Talmud tractate Sanhedrin97b). Although some doubted his messiahship, he seems to have carried the nation with him for his undertaking. After stirring up a war (133-135) that taxed the power of Rome, he at last met his death on the walls of Bethar. He founded a short-lived Jewish state before his Messianic movement ended in defeat in the Second Jewish-Roman War causing misery for the survivors.
- Lukuas (115 CE), was the leader of Jewish rebels during the Kitos War. [13]
Read their stories you will see this was a very violent age or rebellion. Rome had to send three armies to defeat the rebels. They seriously believed these messiahs because they the jews could read the sky and saw that the SUN had entered a new age which was supposed to promise them victory. After they lost they came to accept something was wrong which is when peaceful Judaism and the Talmud was developed.
The fact that the Jews failed to see jesus is because they expected something more dramatic and victoruy and freedom. All we have in the gospels is a guy who walks around and is eventually killed by the Romans.
An interesting point to remember is that Matthew which is supposed to be written with a Jewish audience is the only gospel with the story of the Magi. The Magi or astrologers and the star of bethlehem were inserted to impress the Jews that Jesus was the messiah predicted. Even today in our own language we have the idea that important people are stars, we have just lost the astrological connection but the etymology of the word is still present.
There are many images that show zodiac circles in jewish synagogues from Jesus time. These can be easily found. Even Josephus said the temple in jerusalem had a zodiac within it. The temple of course pointed east to acknowledge the rising sun, if i recall the NWT has a map of jerusalem which shows the template on the eastern side and so on. There are many astrological symbolism inside the temple which is why they never show this in detail or explain in teh WTS.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=synagogue+zodiac&redirs=1&profile=default
Notice the many matches, they are an interesting read.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology
Hebrew Calendar Correlation to Zodiac
In addition to its display in synagogues from the most ancient, such as Beth Alpha, to relatively modern, such as the Bialystocker Synagogue in the Lower East Side of New York City, the zodiac has been shown to correspond to the months of the Hebrew calendar.
For example, the month of Tishrei, beginning in September or October, has the sign Libra, the Scales. Tishrei is the month of Judgment, of Rosh Hashannah and Yom Kippur where good deeds and bad are weighed against one another. [1]
lets also not forget that the major Jewish holidays also relate to the solistices and equinox.
KABALLAH
Another interesting point is that Kabballah is itself all astrological thought. The seven centers along the body represent the 7 planets, sun and moon etc. This thought is just another direction the religion took using its astrological roots.