Posts by kepler

205

Mathematically Measuring Evolution.

by towerwatchman in

mathematically measuring evolution.. when judging relationships in terms of morphological characteristics we will always be bound by the subjective.

morphologically one cannot exactly measure the distance between two organisms strictly in mathematical terms.

using the standard method of taxonomy we cannot quantify the difference between a horse and a mouse, or know which is closer mouse to cat, or mouse to fish.

When judging relationships in terms of morphological characteristics we will always be bound by the subjective. Morphologically one cannot exactly measure the distance between two organisms strictly in mathematical terms. Using the standard method of taxonomy we cannot quantify the difference between a horse and a mouse, or know which is closer mouse to cat, or mouse to fish. We cannot do this by just looking at the physical features of the creatures. A human may ‘look’ more complex than a frog but how much more in quantitative terms cannot be determined by morphology.

Biochemical level.

On the biochemical level the difference between two proteins can be quantified exactly and the results can be used to measure similarity or difference between species. What is needed is a common thread that runs through living things.

Cytochrome c is a small hemeprotein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Cytochrome c is a highly water soluble protein, and is an essential component of the electron transport chain. Has a fundamental role in biological oxidation. Note found in a wide range of organisms from bacterial to mammals. It is about 100 amino acids long, has the same 3D configuration and possess an identical active site. What does vary between different organisms is the amino acid sequences. In Dayhoff’s Atlas of Protein Structure and Function there is a matrix with nearly 1089 entries showing the percentage sequence difference between thirty three different cytochromes taken from multiple species.

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Back to this opening proposition again. I think you can turn this quite around.
If you look at a scrapbook of pictures you can make decisions based on morphology whether a face or form of an animal represents more closely a dog or a cat. Yet even in what we regard as a species there is genetic diversity. The exceptions are species on the verge of extinction. In each instance, the question is begged: What IS a species?

Now, what about the Galapego Islands?

205

Mathematically Measuring Evolution.

by towerwatchman in

mathematically measuring evolution.. when judging relationships in terms of morphological characteristics we will always be bound by the subjective.

morphologically one cannot exactly measure the distance between two organisms strictly in mathematical terms.

using the standard method of taxonomy we cannot quantify the difference between a horse and a mouse, or know which is closer mouse to cat, or mouse to fish.

kepler

Hmmmm....

Got in on this late, but I note that it started like this:

towerwatchman 8 days ago

Mathematically Measuring Evolution.

When judging relationships in terms of morphological characteristics we will always be bound by the subjective. Morphologically one cannot exactly measure the distance between two organisms strictly in mathematical terms. Using the standard method of taxonomy we cannot quantify the difference between a horse and a mouse, or know which is closer mouse to cat, or mouse to fish. We cannot do this by just looking at the physical features of the creatures. A human may ‘look’ more complex than a frog but how much more in quantitative terms cannot be determined by morphology.

Biochemical level.

On the biochemical level the difference between two proteins can be quantified exactly and the results can be used to measure similarity or difference between species. What is needed is a common thread that runs through living things.

Cytochrome c is a small hemeprotein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Cytochrome c is a highly water soluble protein, and is an essential component of the electron transport chain. Has a fundamental role in biological oxidation. Note found in a wide range of organisms from bacterial to mammals. It is about 100 amino acids long, has the same 3D configuration and possess an identical active site. What does vary between different organisms is the amino acid sequences. In Dayhoff’s Atlas of Protein Structure and Function there is a matrix with nearly 1089 entries showing the percentage sequence difference between thirty three different cytochromes taken from multiple species.

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There is simply an assertion that morphological measurements cannot be measured in a manner that tells the analyst anything. So, to remedy that, we are told to look at cytochrome c -which seems to have a scattered distribution, judging from what one would conclude from classifications of fauna even preceding evolutionary theory, e.g., developed by Carolus Linneaus. So we've got two straw men constructed and we are to presume that they knock the legs off evolutionary theory. No one is allowed a chance to address the assertion about morphological analyses and no one was asked to vote on the motion for using cytochrome c.

What about the genetic code itself?

What about the vanishing of species and new varieties appearing?

For something that was once described as natural philosophy, how does invoking a supernatural mechanism at every turn improve understanding of nature?

At best within the framework of a physical world experimental analysis can provide rules for natural behavior which we tend to categorize as laws or mechanisms. Yes, you might want to revise evolutionary theory, just as you would want to revise meteorology. But you would not want to substitute wind demons at the four corners of the Earth for fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.

21

TIL - 537 BC is in the Bible - and more

by berrygerry in

from an apologist site:.

http://thirdwitness.com/607_bce/www.jehovahsjudgment.co.uk/607/realissue.html.

hence, counting back from 537 bce (the year the bible says the jews returned home) for a full seventy years, we arrive at the year 607 bce.. .

kepler

Ever notice when the construction of the 2nd Temple in Jerusalem was supposedly kicked off?

Here's an on-line description:

"The Second Temple was an important Jewish Holy Temple (Hebrew: בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי‎‎, Beit HaMikdash HaSheni) which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period, between 516 BCE and 70 CE. According to Judeo-Christian tradition, it replaced Solomon's Temple (the First Temple), which was destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE, when Jerusalem was conquered and a portion of the population of the Kingdom of Judah was taken into exile in Babylon."

Now, are you looking for 70 years?

Actually, it was Sennecharib that condemned Babylon to a 70 year desolation. And then Esarhaddon came up with a clever way to rescind it. So 70 years had been kind of a middle eastern standard when authorities were severely provoked.

But let's see. What was 70 years before 516 BC?... Did I mention the date?

496

This is What I Would Need in Order to Believe

by cofty in

sometimes theists challenge atheists about what evidence would be required before they would believe.

various unlikely scenarios are offered in reply.

i have taken the bait myself in the past.. i think the correct answer is much more ordinary.

kepler

Admittedly, missed more than 400 entries between 1st and current page. However:

It would seem that "evolution is, ergo atheism reigns" arguments rely greatly on physical law or biological observation. Mechanistic in the same sense as Marxism. That's meant to illustrate, not to take offense at.

But what appears absent, unless I missed something in the middle which was uncharacteristic, is consideration of the Descartes proposition: "I think, therefore I am" (cogito, ergo sum).

Why is it possible for us to think and have conscientiousness? Has that aspect of existence been revealed to us by natural science or physical law? I know or assume I have it,and I suspect that most of us in this discussion link think similarly - including Cofty. Maybe evolutionary theorists don't mind this one, but it bothers cyberneticists, cosmologists, neurologists, physicists and others. Ever run across the book "The Emperor's New Mind" by Roger Penrose. He's not a evolutionary biologist (nor an evangelist) but he does have a physical science credential or two.

Artificial intelligence of the Turing type does not necessarily mean you have conscientiousness. It means you have someone on the other end of a phone call fooled about whom they are talking to. No one. Now maybe Penrose thinks this dilemma can be solved by discovering another exotic particle such as a Higgs boson, but I doubt it. There's something odd about us and many of our animal friends. If I look at the world through the window of my senses, I suspect that you do too and so do many of our counterparts.

Where did that come from?

And given that, is human kind the apex of such evolutionary counter enthropic flowdown?

Could there be other examples elsewhere?

Could it flow down from a higher source?

Can something out there even beyond time and space have a similar sense of conscientiousness but orders of magnitude higher, one that permeates creation and beyond it?

That we exist at all suggests a greater purpose. If there isn't any readily apparent, then perhaps it is part of the plan to make it so via our minds and hearts.

7

MOVIE REVIEW; SILENCE (A story about Faith, Martyrs, Apostates, and Stupidity)

by TerryWalstrom in

jw
friends

silence (movie review)_________.

unless you are a catholic, ex-catholic, an evangelical christian, or a total apostate to your former religion or church--this film is not for you!_____.

martin scorsese has wrought a filmwhich no 2 eyes will see in the same way.. on the surface, it is about the clash (the push back against christianity and priests by buddhists and officials particularly in nagasaki) resulting from catholic evangelism inside japan.

kepler

Another observation which I didn't have time to include.

Adrian Goldsworthy, a historian of the Roman Empire wrote "How Rome Fell" recently. His tone and focus are a bit different than say Gibbons or Michael Grant. I got to the point where he mentions some of the early Christian persecutions just a night or two ago. I believe it was Decius following up on Pliny's reports of the 2nd century ...

Anyway, there were remarkable similarities to the approach of the Japanese, but the enforcement was only sporadic. There were symbolic acts of apostacy in public places and targets were offered two or three chances before the shoe was dropped.

Goldsworthy suggested that the Romans saw Christians as a public morale problem in the face of other threats to the Empire ( Eastern enemies, barbarian incursions, plague...). Similar to the Japanese in the film but not with the decade after decade resolve in every prefecture. Not everyone was on the same page as can be inferred by Constantine's position. Evidently he saw more evidence for a Roman civic mindset in 4th century Christians than in the mindset of the Roman Empire's urban masses. Plus they were literate, writing reams ( or the goatskin equivalent) of apologies, histories and debates among themselves. It's hard to get in the mind of the Japanese rulers at the time, save that they didn't like anything that was coming ashore from tthe outside world.

7

MOVIE REVIEW; SILENCE (A story about Faith, Martyrs, Apostates, and Stupidity)

by TerryWalstrom in

jw
friends

silence (movie review)_________.

unless you are a catholic, ex-catholic, an evangelical christian, or a total apostate to your former religion or church--this film is not for you!_____.

martin scorsese has wrought a filmwhich no 2 eyes will see in the same way.. on the surface, it is about the clash (the push back against christianity and priests by buddhists and officials particularly in nagasaki) resulting from catholic evangelism inside japan.

kepler

Terry,

Nice review and insight - connection to Conrad. Interestingly enough, the original novel was written by Catholic Japanese circa 1965 ( remember those days?). Also, as was pointed out to me from time to time back then, a remnant of those Christians survived into the 19th century, contacting foreign church missionaries when the country was re-opened to foreign trade and ideas. Though, despite modern Japan's enjoyment of Christmas celebration it is not a Catholic/Christian nation.

It is not the first or only time that people of faith, whatever it might be, are confronted with such no-exit situations. I got hooked several years ago on reading Alan Furst's novels about pre-World War II Europe and its covert conflicts. Constantly, the protagonists seemed to be drawn into back rooms with secret police or scary operatives and informed that there was going to be a big war between Hitler and Stalin. They would lean over the table and more or less say, "Now... on which side are you going to be?" None of the above was not acceptable in those circumstances. And I thank God that I was born three years after that conflict was all over.

24

Blondie's Comments You Will Not Hear at the February 19, 2017 WT Study (DECEMBER 2016)(ANXIETY)

by blondie in

jw
friends

blondie’s comments you will not hear at the february 19, 2017 wt study (december 2016) (throw anxiety jehovah).

https://www.jw.org/en/publications/magazines/watchtower-study-december-2016/.

excellent general website: www.jwfacts.com .

kepler

The Anxiety theme caught my attention in a number of ways.

For the first time in my neighborhood near a NASA space center I saw a WT stand near a stoplight on a heavily trafficked boulevard. It was on a sidewalk by the light and the pedestrian traffic there was usually nil. Men and women's stands were on opposite sides of the intersecting street. I don't know what was supposed to transpire if you were a male who encountered the women;s stand first or vice versa.

So, assuming I'm medieval Everyman consumed with anxiety, I wasn't going to get out of my car with bumper to bumper behind me on a thoroughfare - and the light was too short for conversation out my left passenger window. I could possibly turn around and head back to a parking spot a block or two away and then stroll up to this dispirited display. Perhaps the other travelers would be amused by our interactions.

Or I could just leave the whole thing alone.

From time to time there are waves of the door knocking variety taking breaks at local coffee shops. Distinct and recognizable by now after about 9 years of exposure to all this. Why the recent experiment? Perhaps it was the result of the local town government suggesting some sort of compromise about hawking material. The alternatives such as shopping centers or their parking lots were private property. And then some subdivisions enforce no soliciting ordinances.

It's about a week since I've noticed the stands. Perhaps the Anxiety alert is over.

89

Trump Voters, Is This What You Voted For?

by Village Idiot in

all that talk about hillary clinton's unsecured e-mails?

read the following:.

"deagazio posted additional photos from the weekend, including one of his dining companions kissing trump on the cheek, a selfie with white house strategist steve bannon and another selfie identifying a man named rick who he says is responsible for carrying the nuclear “football,” which allows the president to authorize a nuclear attack while away from the white house.. "“this is rick,” wrote deagazio.

kepler

Voted for third party against both. Was surprised that Trump won. And was surprised at every turn of the campaign.

There is a problem though with trying to figure out what other people are thinking. If Trump never existed, I would still be inclined to search for American products I liked when I needed to purchase them - and be very worried every time another factory closed or moved its jobs out of the country. Now as to whether that was what had resonance with the voters that voted for him, it is hard to say. But on the other hand, I've listened to him lie, denigrate anything or anybody opposed to him and act like the President in Sinclair Lewis's "It Can't Happen Here".

My observation is that the GOP, VP, the Speaker of the House and many in the cabinet are competent enough to run a government and might even come to a consensus if the Chief Executive would take a hike or step out on a limb far enough to get impeached. So far he's just drawing comparisons to the Richard Nixon White House in its later phases: when RN was in a funk and his staff intercepted all his messages and acted on them.

Four more years?

8

The Syrian Dan-El

by schnell in

i started reading deceptions and myths of the bible by lloyd graham tonight, and graham mentions that the book of daniel, like the story of joseph, is ripped off from a syrian poem about another hero named daniel (or dan-el).. a cursory google search doesn't pull up anything.

is this accurate?

has this ancient poem survived?

kepler

Reviewing some of the discussion, I noticed that some of what I said was already covered. But there is still some issue about why Danel and Daniel. As far as I can tell, it boils down to looking for references to Daniel in the OT other than the text of Daniel itself. The only one is Ezekiel and it's questionable. If Daniel is a contemporary of Ezekiel, he could have been talking of Danel instead when he spoke of the wise men of old such as Noah and Job. Ok. Now try to find another reference in the OT - including in such works as the ("deutero-canonical") Wisdom of Ben Sirach in the 2nd century where the prophets are enumerated.

8

The Syrian Dan-El

by schnell in

i started reading deceptions and myths of the bible by lloyd graham tonight, and graham mentions that the book of daniel, like the story of joseph, is ripped off from a syrian poem about another hero named daniel (or dan-el).. a cursory google search doesn't pull up anything.

is this accurate?

has this ancient poem survived?

kepler

Danel's name is not in the Title: The Aghat Epic, but he figures in the story.

Look for links or sources related to the city of Ugarit. The language was Canaanite but the writing was in

cuneiform.

As for Daniel. The biggest key to the story's date of composition is the reference to Darius the Mede.

Darius is not unknown to history. That's how Thucydides and Herodotus referred to the Persian invaders and the Greek victory over them at Marathon. They called them Medes and their king was Darius.

Unfortunately, the year was 490 BC.

But Daniel's author got something out of his Seleucid history classes in the 2nd century BC.