"It used to be that women faced all kinds of discrimination entering fields like medicine and law. Those barriers no longer exist. Women are active in other previously male-dominated professions as well and NASA has done a great deal of work in bringing women into its fold. But for some reason, there has been a notable lack of response and participation by people of color in space science. I look forward to your comments."
For one of my college papers, I had to study what is preventing more women from entering scientific fields, in particular at college level. Outside of the U.S. there is still discrimination against women. Some scientific college courses are made up of 75% male students (and inversely some literary courses are 75% female). The question is not so much one of discrimination, but as you say, why such a disparity, when education should be open for all?
There are a few factors to take into consideration.
A study was made of high school students receiving career guidance notably to pursue studies in the sciences. When girls presented themselves to the guidance officer, saying they wanted to have a career in science/study science in college, unless they had above average grades in science and maths, they would be discouraged from pursuing that course. On the other hand, the boys were consistently encouraged to pursue a scientific future, even when they had below average grades in the said subjects...
A second factor is a cultural conditioning that starts from the moment we are born, and something that we are often not even aware of. Why is it that little girls often want to play house and princesses, and boys want more adventure, exploring, etc? Go to the toy shop and look at what is on offer for them. Another comparison was made of childrens' literature, and how boys and girls are portrayed. Often, the boy was playing outside, the girl was inside or looking out the window, her face resting on her hands, dreaming, while mom was in the kitchen washing dishes, and dad had his feet up with the newspaper.
This same conditioning comes through in advertising, and if we are not aware of it, can effect what career choices we make, or what career advise we give to those around us.
To test to what extent we may be affected by conditioning, try this : when you see an advertisement where a person is portrayed doing a job (any job), if it's a man, stop and ask yourself if you'd find it a bit out of place if it was a woman in his place, and vice versa if it's a woman. And to come back to the subject in question - if it's a white person, swap it for a black/asian/hispanic/...person.
These factors and conditioning can also be at play in the question scientific careers and race. Coming back to the toy shop, this is what we'd have found on offer in the 60's :
Here's what we're starting to offer our kids today :
It's very important to inform young people of their choices and also make them aware of how certain factors can actually be influencing their choices without them even realising it (something we know all to well about and the consequences that can have...)