Ok, I grew up "in the truth" but I refuse to go back because of the hyprocrisy and the false prophesies and one in particularly, the one you're talking about and because they won't acknowledge that Jesus is our mediator, but they say only for the 144,000. But, anyway, here goes:
1. The new understanding of 1914 is basically what you mentioned in the latter half of your question #4 that this "generation" now means whatever generation we are currently living in when the great tribulation occurs; no longer the generation of 1914.
2. What changed is that before and as you stated that was previously found in the forward section of the Awake! magazine, the generation of 1914 would by no means pass away until the system ended. Now the teaching is that the generation of 1914 no longer applies today. That would mean that generation is around 100 years old now. I used to preach this very scripture/teaching from door to door as the TRUTH. (You've got to ask yourself, what is it now if it has changed?) This is a drastic change.
3. We don't know the answer to that question because not even the son knows when the end will come.
4. Basically if you doubt any of the JW teachings, ANY AT ALL, you will be destroyed. It's like apostosy.
5. The whole 1914 teaching about them being alive during the great tribulation is now void. 1914 only refers now to the end of the gentile times and Christ's second coming. Yes, by their teaching, he is already here in an invisible presence. (So why do they still do the memorial as it says keep doing this in remembrance of me until he arrives; well if he already arrived in 1914, why are they still doing it?).
6. "New Light" to the "faithful & discreen slave class". Nothing really scriptual. They know they found themselves in a tight place when the end of the system of things did not end and the 1914 generation (now over 100 years old) are now mostly dead.
7. I can't question why Jesus said that about the generation. Maybe we can get some new light from the Society (laugh).
8. Back in the day, a generation was about 70-80 years. Now with science and the extension of life, they (JW teaching) have extended a generation past the 80 years.
9. You're right on target. Yes they changed that in the Awake! magazine. So, they had Jehovah promising that this would happen before the generation that saw the events of 1914 passed away. Now they said he promises to end this corrupt system of things. To me, they lied on him when they said he promised it then changed their teaching. This is something my Mother who is a staunch JW will not admit to. I even showed it to her in the previous and current Awakes.
10. Yes the prior teaching before 1995 was that the generation that saw the events in 1914 had to have been old enough to recognize a change in the world. They would have been about 10 years to 15 years old.
11. Because they would have had to be old enought to RECOGNIZE the events of 1914.
12. The only thing being taught is that 1914 was the 2nd coming of Christ (invisible presence only) and the gentile times ended. They also taught the gentile times ended some time in the 1800's then they changed it to 1914.
I hope this helps. This information is from what I remember I was taught at the meetings, from the watchtowers and is what I taught when I went door to door.
"If the information changed over the years, how could it have been the truth in previous times"