GrreatTeacher: your Algebra I problem is like one we work on as a bonus problem in the 4th grade! Of course, we just solve it without the algebraic equations, but it just goes to show the level of work that is now expected from younger and younger students.
Just to clarify, I took this problem straight out of our Algebra I textbook. In our school, this is a class that 9th and 10th graders would take, depending on their math proficiency.
In response to your comment that 4th graders could solve this I would say this: there are often multiple ways to solve a problem. I'm not sure how you might have 4th graders solve it, but I can imagine it would be an elementary method to have them make a table of arithmetic, adults 1-45 @ $4.50 each and children 45-1 @ $2.00 each. The kids could relatively easily multiply each pair of problems and add the sums to get a subtotal. It would be time consuming, but would certainly work.
But it would not be algebra. The whole idea of building an algebraic system of equations and understanding how to do the necessary substitutions is far more sophisticated than most 4th graders could accomplish. It is also a much higher level of thinking.
The point I was trying to make, and apparently did not, is that most parents would not know how to do this and would not be able to help their children solve this problem, which incidently is from the middle of the first semester in our Algebra I course.
To reiterate, this was in response to SotT's comment that because he has an "associates degree with childhood development coursework" he felt qualified him to help his stepson with his homework.
I'm glad he has some higher education. Hopefully it helps him understand what is and what is not developmentally appropriate for his children. It does not however prepare or qualify him to teach math, science or English.
Oubliette