Spook,
I would put it in reverse order. Doctrine actually comes first (to the "student," in the innocent form of questions calling for the "right" answer). Then prooftexts (usually single verses out of context). Then "apparently contrary" texts to be explained away through selective consideration of context, "scholarly" quotes (usually out of context too) and appeal to consistency and reason (is it reasonable to think...?).
I would say the closest structure in mainstream church practice is that of catechism.
If JWs did start with even "superficial" but cursory reading of the Bible, the whole construction would be impossible imo. Indoctrination is set up first before the average JW or student begins to read the Bible (if he ever does) -- in this trajectory a common reaction is: the Bible is sooo difficult! I would never understand it without WT literature...