PSacramento: Short answer: no. But we can get answers to things we do not expect. Let me give a long example:
Around year 1900, there was a huge project in mathematics of figuring out a good (fundamental, simple, beautiful) formal system on which all of mathematics could be build. That is, you wanted to find some very simple objects and a few very simple rules (axioms), and then all of mathematics would be whatever new mathematical strings could be constructed from these rules and objects. In this way, all well-formed strings in the theory would be either true (if they could be constructed with the axioms) or false (if they could not). It was a *huge* undertaking, spearheaded by the mathematican Russell and Whitehead in their gigantic work principia mathematica (its one of those books that will suck out your soul if you open it on full-moon). To give you an example of the complexity of this task, this is how 1+1=2 looks like:
So when you do that you are interested in two things: Is it possible to derive a contradiction from your basic list of axioms (ie. are they consistent). Notice that you might as well scrap your system if you can derive a contradiction: From a contradiction, everything can be proven to be true. Secondly, you want completeness: all well-formed strings in your system must either be proovable true or false.
Along came a guy called Kurt Gödel. He proved that ANY formal system (that is, any kind of mathematics, logic, etc.) that is sufficiently expressive (basically you should be able to define something that behaves like the primes, etc.) will contain statements that are wellformed, but which cannot be allowed into the system because it will make it inconsistent - this is huge. It shows that in ANY kind of formal system of interest, let that be mathematical (any modification of current known mathematics!), philosophy, anything - there will be statements that are 100% TRUE but cannot be PROOVED. Think about it. How many statements? what if one of those statements was really usefull? this has HUGE implications.
I doubt that if you had asked me in 1850 if it was possible to say something like that about the world and the limits of reasoning (of us, of anything?), i would have said that was even remotely possible. I am pretty sure i would have labeled that as something only God could really know.
There is another moral of the story: Philosophers could have pondered that question for millinias and never come to a conclusion. Mathematics allowed it to be resolved in just 30 pages (if my memory serves).