Yes they can.
It happend to ME. In 1994,my wife and I stopped attending meetings. We wrote various letters to different Bethels (Brooklyn, France, Mexico, Thialand, England, ...) most of them didn't answer. We asked the Bethel of France to use their library (I was at that time viewed as a good standing JW) the answer was NO. We told the Elders in France that we need to continue our research and are waiting from Brooklny.
Moved to Malta, my twin brother (Elder, Special Pioneer, Graduate from the Ministerial Training School, Pioneer School Instructor, and was prospective member of the Malta Branch Committee)attended his dissasociation announcement the day after of my arrival. We were treated as animals. Some even came to beat us. After we made media programmes, radio, tv, newspaper, ... The JW in Malta at that time were under the London Bethel. Contuct was made with the french Bethel and an announcement was made about me. If I was disfellowshipped or disassociated, till today I don't know.
The Elders never told me to attend a Judicial Committee. Every thing was done behind my back. Three countries were involved Malta, England, France. Later as we published a scandal about Milton Henschel even Brooklyn came to know about us.
All of this for what? Because we wanted to know the "TRUTH". (I tried to make things short sorry for not expresing things well)
Joe