Stephen,
The Bible is a very big book. If eternal torment was the punishment for human sin, it should be clearly stated ...somewhere. We shouldn't have to piece bits of scripture that are not clear and paste them together to get a somewhat coherent picture of the hell we might believe is there.
Let me summarize what I have found by going through the entire Bible looking for eternal torment.
Q UESTION ADDRESSED: Do we find eternal torment 'inside' the "hell" of scripture?
I PROBED FOR ETERNAL TORMENT BY SIFTING THROUGH THE DUST AND ASHES OF:
a. Sheol (Old Testament)
- But I didn't find any hard evidence for conscious
torment in any of the 65 Sheol passages.
b. Hades (New Testament)
- I examined all 11 "Hades" passages, 10 of which gave
no support for the idea of torment of any duration.
Although I found one dramatic passage of scripture
that spoke very clearly of extreme pain and anguish,
no clarification was made of the duration of that
pain. In addition there was powerful evidence within
the text itself that suggested the entire account did
not represent historical narration.
c. Gehenna (New Testament)
- I looked at all 12 passages that used the term
Gehenna. Although I didn't find any synonyms for
pain or torment in any of the passages, I did find
some rather perplexing imagery including;
Everlasting Fire, Gehenna Fire, Unquenchable Fire
and Undying Worms. However, all of these images,
if interpreted in the light of other scriptural passages,
can be readily explained without reference to ongoing
suffering of any kind.
I THEN SIFTED FOR ETERNAL TORMENT IN THE ESCHATOLOGY OF:
d. The Old Testament
e. The Gospels
f. Acts and the Epistles
g. Revelation
QUESTION ADDRESSED: Do we find everlasting conscious punishment outside
the "hell" of scripture?
I PROBED FOR ETERNAL TORMENT BY SIFTING THROUGH THE FIRE AND FLAME OF:
d. Old Testament Eschatology
The predominant punishment imagery of the Old Testament
is unquestionably that of destruction. Endless torment of
immortal souls is simply not found in the Hebrew scriptures.
e. The Gospels
I found considerable "weeping and gnashing" imagery
in the exclusion parables of the gospel, which would
be expected of the condemned as they are faced with
rejection at Christ's coming. However, the duration
of that weeping and gnashing is consistently absent.
Matthew 25, the parable of the sheep and the goats,
speaks of eternal punishment. However this language,
by itself, does not designate the nature of
that punishment. In order to prove eternal torment
from this passage it would first be necessary to smuggle
the word "conscious" into the text.
f. Acts and the Epistles
Destruction, rather than torment imagery, is rampant
in the Epistles. Certainly, as would be expected,
God's wrath will not spare the wicked vexation and
distress on the day of judgment, but again, endless
duration of such distress is simply not found.
g. Revelation
There is one explicit reference to eternal torment in
Revelation 20:10 which is applied to the unholy trinity
of devil, beast and false prophet. However, the literal
nature of this torment becomes suspect as we consider
the verse itself, the surrounding scriptures, as well
as similar judgment imagery in the Old Testament.