Botchtower the reason rich people pay more tax (in absolute terms) in the US is because rich people are proportionately much richer in the US than elsewhere! So your table is merely a reflection of the fact that inequality is much greater in the US than elsewhere, not that there is greater redistribution. What you want to look at is not the absolute amount but the percentage of their income that rich people pay. As we know from the Romney case, rich people may be paying millions in tax, but proportionally it amounts to a lower rate of tax than for ordinary workers. Call that redistribution if you wish but it is statistical nonsense.
Again if you think it is fair that all the wealth is concentrated in a few individuals so long as they pay more tax in absolute terms then just how far do you want to take it? Why stop at 100 individuals having 50% of the wealth? Why not one person having 99% of the wealth? As long as that one person pays 50% of the nation's tax then that would be fair and square, right? According to your table, a country like that should be regarded as the most progressive on earth!
And again I don't think higher taxes is actually the main solution. We need to redraw the rules that allow a few individuals to grab such obscene amounts of wealth in the first place. Hard work should certainly be rewarded, but not using the rules of the system to benefit from the labour of others.