Logical Fallacies in WT Publications

by Oubliette 57 Replies latest watchtower beliefs

  • Oubliette
    Oubliette

    Logical Fallacies in WT Publications

    I’ve been working on a idea that I think might be very helpful in assisting some JWs to wake up and learn “The Truth About the Truth” (TTATT).

    One thing that really got my cognitive dissonance revving into overdrive was the many logical fallacies in the publications of the WTBTS. For a long time, I would mentally push them aside because I trusted the writers of the WT. But over time, the sheer number of them became too overwhelming to simply ignore.

    I know from reading other posts here on JWN that this was an important factor in helping many of us learn TTATT.

    That being said, I believe the reason the majority of JWs swallow down these fallacies is not just because they still mistakenly trust the writers of the WT, but rather, it is because they don’t recognize them as false reasoning or erroneous logic. They simply do not have the Critical Thinking Skills needed to recognize flaws in logic and other rhetorical errors.

    There is a wealth of materials available on the web dealing with this subject. And when people attend university they get some training in this area. (I’m sure this is one of the main reason the GB doesn’t want young ones going to college.)

    But of course, most JWs won’t access these tools on-line via Satan’s Internet, they sure won’t find them on jw.org and they won’t be attending university.

    I am working on a project to address this area and am eliciting the help of the JWN community.

    I want to compile a list of The Most Common Logical Fallacies (and other assorted rhetorical errors) in WT Publications.

    A closely related spin-off of this would address blatantly manipulative language and the use of propaganda.

    The list should contain:

    • The Fallacy:
    • Fallacy Description:
    • A Recent or Notable Example:
    • Analysis:

    I’ll get things rolling with one that’s already been discussed at length here on JWN:

    The Fallacy: Ad Hominem – (Latin for "to the man" or "to the person")

    Fallacy Description: An idea or argument is dismissed because of some alleged character flaw or fault of the person who argues for it, not because of any evidence against the argument or lack of evidence for it. It is a personal attack against an opponent instead of against their argument.

    A Recent or Notable Example: Apostates are “mentally diseased”

    ‘’Suppose that a doctor told you to avoid contact with someone who is infected with a contagious, deadly disease. You would know what the doctor means, and you would strictly heed his warning. Well, apostates are “mentally diseased,” and they seek to infect others with their disloyal teachings. (1 Tim. 6:3, 4)’’ – Watchtower, July 15th, 2011, p. 16, para. 6

    Analysis: The ad hominem attack is the labeling of apostates as “mentally diseased.” In fact, this is a bit of a double-whammy because the labeling of dissenters as “apostates” is itself an ad hominem. 1

    Notable in this article is the lack of any language addressing the disagreements, contentions or criticisms of these so-called “apostates.” They are simply dismissed out of hand. In fact, a careful study of the entire article reveals that none of the disagreements of “apostates” are even mentioned explicitly, let alone addressed. But don't take my word for it. Read it for yourself!

    Additionally, the article is chock-full of loaded language carefully chosen to further demonize “apostates.” They are compared to:

    • “Smugglers” that operate in a clandestine manner
    • “A clever forger” that tries to pass phony documents
    • “False teachers”
    • “Bad influences”

    You get the idea. All of this is just more ad hominem obfuscation of the issues which are curiously never addressed. Why not?

    Instead, regarding these "apostates," faithful JWs are instructed to:

    • Not receive them into our homes or greet them
    • Refuse to:
      • read their literature,
      • watch their TV programs
      • examine their Web sites, or add our comments to their blogs

    These “false teachers” are said to have “a cunning spirit” and “corruptive ideas.” What exactly those ideas are we cannot know from this article because none of them are ever mentioned let alone addressed. The article contains no mention of any of the specific questions or disagreements these “apostates” have. No real reason is given for avoiding them other than what is essentially a, “Because I say so!” command. The scrupulous avoidance of any specific issues that “apostates” have with WT teachings is in itself telling.

    An additional point for consideration is the use of the “mentally diseased” label. Although not a clinical medical term, it implies some such validity and merit when in fact it has none. One should wonder:

    1. What is the basis for this “diagnosis” of apostates as "mentally diseased"?
    2. Was a clinical study done?
    3. What were the credentials of those conducting the study?
    4. Was the number of participants in the study large enough to render a statistically significant result to warrant labeling all apostates as “mentally diseased”?
    5. Has this study been peer reviewed?
    6. Are the results available for my personal analysis?

    Although it’s just a guess, I’m pretty sure I know what the answers to those questions would be.

    Finally, let’s assume for a second that all apostates really are “mentally diseased.” It does not follow that just because someone has some undefined mental health issue that they are necessarily wrong in questioning or disagreeing with a particular religious teaching or any other idea for that matter.

    A Critical Thinker needs to hear the arguments for and against any particular issue, examine them carefully and then arrive at a logical conclusion based on evidence, not character attacks on a person or person unknown.

    - - - - - - - - - - -

    A concise compilation of common Logical Fallacies in WT Publications could be very useful to help people waking up to TTATT. Probably a primer would require non-WT examples, but ones that are based on those found in the WT. The means of delivery--that is, how we can to about actually getting this into the hands and minds of our family and loved ones still in--can be discussed as well.

    In that regard, please share your own observations and analyses.

    I’d suggest this format as I’ve used above.

    • The Fallacy:
    • Fallacy Description:
    • A Recent or Notable Example:
    • Analysis:

    But feel free to use what ever works best for you!

    Thanks,

    Oubliette

    ----------------------

    1 - In a footnote to paragraph four, the article defines “Apostasy” as “a standing away from true worship, a falling away, defection, rebellion, abandonment.” This of course begs the question of whether or not WT/JW teachings really are “true worship.” That, in turn, concerns the very core issues which alleged “apostates” doubt, question, disagree with or have dissenting views.

  • Comatose
    Comatose

    I like you a lot. :) So glad your on board here.

    I'll work on an actual contribution and put it up later with more time.

  • kurtbethel
    kurtbethel

    Examining their bait and switch techniques would be a gold mine for finding logical fallacies.

  • Scott77
    Scott77

    nice thread

  • Oubliette
    Oubliette

    “Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally. This requires reflective and independent thinking.” - Dr. Joe Lau, PhD, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Hong Kong

    - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    Thanks guys for reading. I look forward to your contributions.

    For those of you that are new to this idea, I am including some references.

    Once you learn to recognize Logical Fallacies and other Rhetorical Errors finding them in WT articles becomes like shooting fish in a barrel. They really are everywhere.

    - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    Here's my list of 32:

    1. Ad hominem
    2. Ad ignorantiam - appeal to ignorance
    3. Ad misericordiam - appeal to pity
    4. Ad populum - appeal to popularity
    5. Affirming the consequent – non-sequitur?
    6. Argument from authority – Because I said so!
    7. Argument from final Consequences and/or Denying the antecedent
    8. Argument from Personal Incredulity
    9. Begging the Question – Circular reasoning
    10. Confusing association with causation - correlation does not imply causation
    11. Confusing currently unexplained with unexplainable
    12. Equivocation - conflation
    13. False Analogy
    14. False Continuum
    15. False Dichotomy or False Dilemma – Black and White thinking
    16. Gambler's fallacy
    17. Genetic Fallacy
    18. Inconsistency
    19. Loaded question
    20. No True Scotsman
    21. Non-Sequitur
    22. Post-hoc ergo propter hoc
    23. Red herring
    24. Reductio ad absurdum
    25. Slippery Slope
    26. Special pleading, or ad-hoc reasoning
    27. Straw Man
    28. Suppressed evidence
    29. Tautology
    30. The Fallacy Fallacy
    31. The Moving Goalpost
    32. Tu quoque

    I'm not thinking we need to document all 32 (or more) in the WT, just the most common, blatant examples. Once you get someone recognizing these kinds of things there's no un-ringing the bell!

  • gone for good
    gone for good

    Oubliette-

    What a great idea!

    Apparently, I speak, read and write adequately. ...however...

    I am one of the masses who has no idea of what 'critical thinking' entails- only encountered the term since being on JWN.

    But since experiencing the lively debates on here, I recognize a good debate but have no idea of the elements that form one.

    So, please, you legion who thrive on debating...enlighten we lesser educated ones.

    Thanks - Gone for Good

  • gone for good
    gone for good

    Wow Oubliette - while I was typing my reply, you posted that list of fallacies!!

    Lots to learn... including some Latin ?

  • BlindersOff1
    BlindersOff1

    You are right on 100% accurate appling this to JWs leadership

  • Eustace
    Eustace

    ‘’Suppose that a doctor told you to avoid contact with someone who is infected with a contagious, deadly disease. You would know what the doctor means, and you would strictly heed his warning. Well, apostates are “mentally diseased,” and they seek to infect others with their disloyal teachings. (1 Tim. 6:3, 4)’’ – Watchtower, July 15th, 2011, p. 16, para. 6

    That was literally the most hateful and unchristian thing I have ever read. If you love someone you aren’t going to let the person you love die alone. What kind of twisted animal would think that way?

    It’s sad to think that though the Governing Body rule by fear and sophisticated mind control techniques, and though nobody could develop anything resembling authentic love for them in that context, none of them will die alone.

    They’ll be fear-filled suck-ups to provide them with the very thing they tried so hard to rape from others.

    Also the above passage is based on the idea that people should only look at one side of the story, and that their purity will somehow be tainted merely by listening to someone who thinks different from the Governing Body. Hell, it’s based on the idea that advocating ideas to someone somehow forces those ideas into the person’s belief system.

    If even the possibility of an idea being true is to be given consideration, the bare minimum is that the proponents of the idea are willing to grapple with opposing perspectives. Jehovah’s Witnesses claim to preach a true religion, but it’s clear from the dictates of their leaders that even those leaders view the religion not as a robust man of truth able to take on all comers, but rather a sickly little boy who can’t be allowed on the playground because his brittle bones would be dashed to pieces.

    And yet the Governing Body takes advantage of the open-mindedness of people in other religions to deceptively recruit people into the Jehovah’s Witnesses.

    Nobody should be forced to choose between the religious beliefs and family relationships, and nobody should join a group that prohibits its members from giving consideration to other perspectives.

  • ilikecheese
    ilikecheese

    I remember when I was getting my degree, I had to take a class called Reasoned Discourse. For the first month, we learned about the primary fallacies that are used in arguments. For the rest of the semester, we had to get in groups and present some argument demanding social change without using any fallacies. It was just the facts, ma'am. Our professor had so much fun getting all worked up about the fallacies we might start trying to use. If I showed him a Watchtower publication, he would probably just go insane with glee. Their only writing tool is logical fallacies.

    If you could get a JW educated on them, it WOULD be a great tool. Great idea!

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