Stephane, that's more or less about it with a few qualifiers.
StephaneLaliberte : in California, kids under 18 cannot give consent, even between each other. Its either a misdemeanor or a felony.
Kids under 18 cannot give consent , even between each other (unless they are married), but I'm not sufficiently familiar with Californian Law as it applies to juveniles to know whether it would still be classified as a misdemeanour or felony.
Before the change [to the Sex Offenders Registration Act]
In the case of vaginal sex : If there is not more than a three year difference it is a misdemeanour without prison, otherwise it is either a misdemeanour or a felony with prison. If the victim is under 14 then it is automatically a felony with prison..
The ten year difference only applies to registration as a sex offender. It has no bearing on the type or length of sentence.
In the case of vaginal sex, the perpetrator is not required to register if the victim is over 13, and there is no more than a ten year age difference, and there is only one victim. The judge has discretion to impose registration. If the victim is under 14 then registration is mandatory.
In the case of oral or anal sex :If the victim is under 14, or the perpetrator is over 21 and the victim is under 16, then it is a felony. There is a prison sentence regardless of the age of the victim or the age difference.
Registration as a sex offender is mandatory..
After the change [to the Sex Offenders Registration Act]
Nothing changes regarding the classification as misdemeanour or felony, or to the sentencing whether it involves vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
As regards registration as a sex offender, the perpetrator of oral or anal sex will no longer be
required to register if the victim is over 13, and there is no more than a ten
year age difference, and there is only one victim. The judge will have
discretion..
In all cases registration as a sex offender is mandatory if the victim is under 14..
To consider the example you give :
If a 24 year old had vaginal sex with a 14 year old it would be either a misdemeanour or a felony and there would be a prison sentence. The 24 year old would also be liable to a civil penalty not to exceed $25,000.
If a 24 year old had oral or anal sex with a 14 year old it would be a felony with a prison sentence.
A 14 year old having any form of sex with a 13 year old would be guilty of a felony if he were an adult, but from what I can see that would only apply to children over the age of 15. In this case I'm not quite sure of the law but I think he would go to juvenile court.