I think the rule against beards is rooted in the simple cultural prejudices of JW leaders like Knorr and Franz, combined with the desire of Rutherford to distance his organization from the old guard of Russell's days. In the early 1920s Rutherford began a campaign to wipe out "creature worship" of Russell. Like Russell, many of the older Bible Student males wore beards since that was the style in the U.S. during the late 19th century. Rutherford found that many of these older men refused to bow down to him and continued to hold Russell in great reverence. Most of them eventually left Rutherford's Watchtower. Rutherford's loyal younger cronies adopted the beardless style prevalent during the teens in the U.S. for younger men. Young men who wanted to culturally rebel against their elders made a point of being clean shaven. My grandfather, born in 1898, told me that it was not uncommon for a gang of clean shaven young men to grab one of their bearded peers and rub dog poop into the beard or mustache, forcing him to shave it off. So this was clearly a big deal to young guys. Fred Franz was born around 1890 and so he would certainly have had this cultural prejudice. Knorr was born around 1900 and would have had the same prejudice. Same goes for most of the men who became Bethel heavies after Rutherford died in 1942. Remember that Watchtower is ruled "from the top down". Like many people, Watchtower leaders are demonstrably incapable of separating their cultural prejudices from their religious beliefs. So there was a certain amount of pressure up through the mid-1960s for JW men not to have facial hair. When I was a kid during this time, I saw almost no JW males with facial hair, and the few I vaguely remember seemed like oddballs. None of them were "servants". When wearing a beard became the latest fad for political protesters, hippies, etc. during the late 1960s, JW leaders' cultural preferences naturally conflicted with what they saw as rebellion among young men. No way any JW males were going to look like rebellious ones! So they railed against facial hair (except mustaches on black men, which they viewed as culturally normal) by equating wearing beards and mustaches with rebellion against God's and their own authority. As the years rolled by, the old men who ruled the Watchtower never changed their prejudices, and of course it doesn't pay for anyone under them in Bethel to bring the issue up. So today's JW prejudice against facial hair is simply the product of the stagnant minds of a group of old men who were born in the United States around the turn of the last century. AlanF