âscholarâ:
Nope The following factors mitigate against the Return of the Exiles in 538 BCE;
1. Chronology of Darius the Mede
2.. Timing of the Decree ?
3. Proclamation of the Decree throughout Empire
4. Preparations by the Exiles prior to their Journey
5. Return trip home- route and time of Journey?
6. Resettlement home in their cities ?
7.. Timing of Altar Inauguration - Cyrus. 1st to 2nd year?
8. Calendrical reckoning used by Ezra?
Just for completeness⌠đ
1. There was no âDarius the Medeâ per se but the character can be identified with the general who governed in Babylon until Cyrusâ arrival a few weeks after capturing the city. His tenure as âkingâ (actually governor) would therefore be a period during October of 539 BCE, which has no bearing on the Jewsâ return to Judea in 538 BCE. (As he was not actually a king, he has no accession period.)
2. Such decrees were generally made around the time of a kingâs accession, in this case Nisan of 539 BCE, allowing 6 months for the 4-month journey. (There wasnât actually a special decree just for the Jews but actually a more general policy of allowing conquered people to practise their native religious beliefs in order to help quell civil unrest among the conquered people.)
3. Not all of the Jews returned to Jerusalem after the initial âdecreeâ, (and many never left Babylon at all) so it was not necessary for the âdecreeâ to have reached everywhere in the empire for the initial contingent to make the journey.
4. Not all of the Jews returned, and those who wanted to could reasonably make preparations within two months allowing a full 4 months for the 4-month journey. Knowledge of Cyrusâ reputation may also have allowed people to anticipate the return prior to the official âdecreeâ allowing additional time to prepare, though this is not essential.
5. It is not necessary to speculate about the specific route of the journey. Ezra provides 4 months as the duration of the journey from Babylon to Jerusalem.
6. Because not all of the Jews returned, it is not necessary that all Jewish cities were repopulated at that time, so it is not necessary to speculate about the details. They were in their cities by October 538 BCE, giving ample time to resettle before gathering in Jerusalem the following year.
7. Iyyar (May) 537 BCE, during Cyrusâ 2nd regnal year.
8. As with other post-exilic Jewish writings in the Persian period generally, Ezra used Nisan/accession dating.
Thus, any chronology for the Return must fully account for these factors and shows that to cram all of these in one year - 538 BCE is impossible but the following year- 537 BCE makes the impossible now possible and highly probable.
Every âelementâ has been accounted for sufficiently to show that the Jews who returned to Judea arrived by Tishri (October) 538 BCE, with temple work commencing May 537 BCE. (The claim about âcramming everything into 538 BCEâ is also demonstrated to be a lie.)
See also 607 for Beginners.