Satanus,
I disagree. Today we think of science as a pursuit of knowledge empirically testable, proposing and testing hypotheses etc. When historians talk about science before the 13th century they are not talking about this definition.
Alfred Whitehead, the renouned philosopher of science and a non-christian said, "faith in the posibility of science generated antecedently to the development of modern scientific theory and is an unconscious deritive from Medival [Christian] theology. Rodney Stark (sociologist) noted that he had "grasped that Christian theology was essential for the rise of science in the west, just as surely as non-christian theologies had stifled the scientific quest elsewhere.
Lynn White - medevial science historian - " the medival monk was the intellectual ancestor to the scientist"
German Physicist Ernst Mach - "Every unbiased mind must admit that the age in which the chief development of the science of mechanics took place was an age of predominently [Christian] theological cast.
Professor Alvin J. Schmidt writes:
"Crediting Christianity with facilitating the rise of modern science may seem incredible to some, including scientists. The reason for this, in part seems to go back to Andrew Dickson White who in 1896 published A history of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom. Christianity and science as the title indicates were portrayed as incompatible. But even before White's negative portrayal of some Christians and their view of science appeared, "methodological atheism " had become the accepted epistomology of countless scientists and professors in colleges and universities. Thus, when biographies of past noteworthy scientists appear in books or journals, their Christian background and its influence on their scientific work, which was true of virtually every scientist from the 13th to the 19 th centuries is never mentioned".
The monastic tradition of Christianity were early labortories in my personal opinion. Genetics studies started there. The Christian concept of one God as a rational being gave impetus to the notion that if we are made in his image then why shouldn't we employ rational processes to investigate the world in which we live. The introduction of the inductive empirical method of study which deviated from the 1500 year old Greek deductive model was Chistrian hatched as were countles other post 1300 advancements.
Whatever Islam did do prior to 1300 in the area of "science" cannot be linked to knowledge derived from the empirical -experimental method, and hence be considered science in the modern sense of the word.